Knowledge generation about care-giving in the UK: a critical review of research paradigms.
Knowledge generation about care-giving in the UK: a critical review of research paradigms.
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有关英国护理的知识生成：对研究范式的批判性回顾。
DOI：
10.1111/hsc.12143
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Milne A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milne A
虽然有关护理和护理的讨论在英国已经很发达，但有关护理的知识产生的性质以及支撑其的研究范式却受到了有限的批判性反思和分析。一个总体的证据合成-旨在促进辩论和促进新的理解-确定了两个基本上独立的机构照顾相关的研究。第一部分工作-被称为收集和评估-提供关于护理程度、谁向谁提供护理以及产生何种影响的证据;它还侧重于评估政策和服务效力。这种类型的研究往往主导公众对护理的看法，影响政策的类型和程度以及对护理人员的支持，并吸引来自政策和健康相关来源的资金。然而，它在概念上和理论上也往往是狭隘的，与照顾者的观点接触有限，并对照顾环境采取了原子论的视野。工作的第二个机构-概念化和理论化-探讨护理的概念和经验性质，旨在扩展有关护理的思想和理论。它关注的是促进理解护理是人类关系的一个组成部分，植根于生命过程中，是相互依存和互惠的产物。这项工作将护理概念化为一种活动和性格，并突出了“护理伦理”的发展，从而提供了一个视角，以认识到护理可能带来的挑战以及护理作为规范性活动的重要性。它往往由社会科学来源资助，虽然在捕捉照顾者的经验方面很强，但与政策和服务相关的购买有限。如果这两个研究机构能更好地结合起来，公民、照料者和家庭将获益匪浅，知识的产生也会得到推进。
While discourse about care and caring is well developed in the UK, the nature of knowledge generation about care and the research paradigms that underpin it have been subjected to limited critical reflection and analysis. An overarching synthesis of evidence – intended to promote debate and facilitate new understandings – identifies two largely separate bodies of carer‐related research. The first body of work – referred to as Gathering and Evaluating – provides evidence of the extent of care‐giving, who provides care to whom and with what impact; it also focuses on evaluating policy and service efficacy. This type of research tends to dominate public perception about caring, influences the type and extent of policy and support for carers and attracts funding from policy and health‐related sources. However, it also tends to be conceptually and theoretically narrow, has limited engagement with carers' perspectives and adopts an atomistic purview on the care‐giving landscape. The second body of work – Conceptualising and Theorising – explores the conceptual and experiential nature of care and aims to extend thinking and theory about caring. It is concerned with promoting understanding of care as an integral part of human relationships, embedded in the life course, and a product of interdependence and reciprocity. This work conceptualises care as both an activityanda disposition and foregrounds the development of an ‘ethic of care’, thereby providing a perspective within which to recognise both the challenges care‐giving may present and the significance of care as a normative activity. It tends to be funded from social science sources and, while strong in capturing carers' experiences, has limited policy and service‐related purchase. Much could be gained for citizens, carers and families, and the generation of knowledge advanced, if the two bodies of research were integrated to a greater degree.
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