TALEN gene editing takes aim on HIV.

TALEN gene editing takes aim on HIV.
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DOI:
10.1007/s00439-016-1678-2
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发表时间:
2016-09
期刊:
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Schiller, Martin R.
Schiller, Martin R.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Benjamin, Ronald;Berges, Bradford K.;Solis-Leal, Antonio;Igbinedion, Omoyemwen;Strong, Christy L.;Schiller, Martin R.

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转录激活因子样效应核酸酶(TALENs)是几种可编程的工程核酸酶之一,可以结合和切割特定的DNA序列。细胞机制通过引入内含子来修复断裂的DNA。在这篇综述中,我们强调了使用TALENs作为治疗HIV感染的治疗工具的潜力,探讨了进展,并确定了挑战。TALENs具有较少的脱靶编辑,并且比CRISPR/Cas-9更有效地耐受HIV逃逸突变。科学家们已经探索了talen介导的宿主基因编辑,如病毒进入受体(CCR5和CXCR4)和一种参与前病毒整合的蛋白质(LEDGF/p75)。病毒的目标包括原病毒DNA,特别是长末端重复序列。将基因治疗从实验室转化为临床的主要挑战是提高切割效率和递送,同时最大限度地减少脱靶编辑、细胞毒性和免疫原性。然而,TALEN技术的快速发展正在提高裂解效率和特异性。在艾滋病毒感染的动物模型中进行治疗试验将有助于确定TALENs是否是一种可行的艾滋病毒治疗方法。TALENs或其他工程核酸酶可以将治疗模式从终身抗逆转录病毒治疗转向根除艾滋病毒感染。
Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are one of several types of programmable, engineered nucleases that bind and cleave specific DNA sequences. Cellular machinery repairs the cleaved DNA by introducing indels. In this review, we emphasize the potential, explore progress, and identify challenges in using TALENs as a therapeutic tool to treat HIV infection. TALENs have less off-target editing and can be more effective at tolerating HIV escape mutations than CRISPR/Cas-9. Scientists have explored TALEN-mediated editing of host genes such as viral entry receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4), and a protein involved in proviral integration (LEDGF/p75). Viral targets include the proviral DNA, particularly, and the long terminal repeats. Major challenges with translating gene therapy from bench to bedside are improving cleavage efficiency and delivery, while minimizing off-target editing, cytotoxicity, and immunogenicity. However, rapid improvements in TALEN technology are enhancing cleavage efficiency and specificity. Therapeutic testing in animal models of HIV infection will help determine whether TALENs are a viable HIV treatment therapy. TALENs or other engineered nucleases could shift the therapeutic paradigm from life-long antiretroviral therapy towards eradication of HIV infection.
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