Effects of the Great East Japan Tsunami on Fish Populations and Ecosystem Recovery. The Natori River; Northeastern Japan
Effects of the Great East Japan Tsunami on Fish Populations and Ecosystem Recovery. The Natori River; Northeastern Japan
复制标题
东日本海啸对鱼类种群和生态系统恢复的影响。
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-28528-3_14
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Norihiro Monna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kinuko Ito;Ayu Katayama;Kazunori Shizuka;Norihiro Monna
2011 年 3 月东日本大地震后的海啸导致仙台市（宫城县）附近的名取河出现严重的地面沉降以及瓦砾和泥土沉积，破坏了其咸水生态系统和渔场。其直接影响表现为动植物生命的灭绝和栖息地的扰乱。此外，海水楔向上游很远，地面沉降改变了河流的潮汐流模式。名取川河口附近等咸水生态系统作为幼鱼的繁殖地和蛤等双壳类动物的渔场非常重要。海啸导致这两种生物的数量急剧下降。 2011年香鱼（香鱼；Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis）的单位捕捞量是过去5年来的最低记录，而且种群孵化日期组成显示明显缺乏早期孵化个体。相比之下，尽管受到海啸的影响，上游残留的香鱼种群似乎仍然成功生长和繁殖：海啸发生一年后，下游香鱼种群已恢复到事件发生前的水平。然而，由于咸水区向上游约1公里的移动，其栖息地发生了巨大变化，苦咸水蛤（Corbicula japonica）的数量在灾难发生两年后才出现恢复。这里报道的研究表明，地震和海啸对中上层鱼类和底栖双壳类动物的影响似乎截然不同，前者恢复很快，而后者则需要更长的时间。许多其他鱼类也在一年内恢复到正常水平，例如石鲽（Kareius bicoloratus）、虾虎鱼（Acanthogobius latipes）、冰鱼（Salangichthys microdon）和黑鲷（Acanthopagrus schlegelii）。食物网结构似乎与过去几年略有不同，但结果表明，总的来说，鱼类群落能够从干扰中迅速恢复，即使是像异常大的海啸那样剧烈的干扰。
The tsunami following the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 resulted in significant ground subsidence and deposition of rubble and mud in the Natori River, near the city of Sendai (Miyagi Prefecture), damaging its brackish water ecosystem and fishing grounds. There was a direct impact in the form of annihilation of animal and plant life and disturbance of the habitats throughout. Also, a wedge of seawater ran far upstream, and ground subsidence changed the pattern of tidal flow in the river. Brackish water ecosystems such as that near the mouth of the Natori River are important as nurseries for juvenile fishes and as a fishing ground for bivalves such as clams. The populations of both of these kinds of organism declined drastically as result of the tsunami. The catch per unit effort of ayu fish (sweetfish; Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis) in 2011 was the lowest recorded for the past 5 years, and the population hatching date composition showed a marked absence of early-hatched individuals. In contrast, the residual upstream ayu fish population seems to have grown successfully and reproduced despite the effects of the tsunami: 1 year after the tsunami occurred, the downstream ayu fish population had recovered to the same level as before the event. However, the population of the brackish-water clam, Corbicula japonica, only showed recovery 2 years after the disaster as its habitat has drastically shifted due to movement of the brackish water zone about 1 km upstream. The studies reported here show that the impact of the earthquake and tsunami on pelagic fish and benthic bivalves seems to have been quite different, as in the former recovery was rapid, while in the latter it took much longer. Many other fish species also returned to normal levels within a year, such as stone flounder (Kareius bicoloratus), goby (Acanthogobius lactipes), icefish (Salangichthys microdon) and black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). The food web structure appears to be slightly different from past years, but the results show that, in general, fish communities are able to recover rapidly from disturbances even as drastic as an unusually large tsunami.
影响因子：
5
作者：
DENIRO, MJ;EPSTEIN, S
通讯作者：
EPSTEIN, S