Identification of RipAZ1 as an avirulence determinant of Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanum americanum.
Identification of RipAZ1 as an avirulence determinant of Ralstonia solanacearum in Solanum americanum.
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RipAZ1作为美洲茄中青枯雷尔氏菌无毒力决定因子的鉴定
DOI：
10.1111/mpp.13030
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Sohn KH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moon H;Pandey A;Yoon H;Choi S;Jeon H;Prokchorchik M;Jung G;Witek K;Valls M;McCann HC;Kim MS;Jones JDG;Segonzac C;Sohn KH
在许多植物物种中引起青枯病。III型分泌效应物（T3Es）在细菌发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。然而，一些T3Es被相应的抗病蛋白识别并激活植物免疫。在本研究中，我们鉴定了黑茄属植物美洲茄的R. solanacearum T3E蛋白RipAZ1 （Ralstonia注射蛋白AZ1）是一个毒力决定因子。根据番茄红霉菌株Pe_26的美洲葡萄球菌特异性毒力表型，选择12个候选毒力T3Es进行进一步分析。在这些候选基因中，只有RipAZ1在抗枯萎葡萄球菌中短暂表达时诱导细胞死亡反应。此外，ripAZ1在无毒的茄青霉Pe_26中缺失导致获得性毒力。我们对RipAZ1的自然序列和功能变异的分析表明，自然发生的C端截断导致RipAZ1缺失引发细胞死亡。我们还发现RipAZ1的213个氨基酸中心区域足以诱导美洲葡萄细胞死亡。最后，我们发现RipAZ1可能激活宿主细胞质中的防御。综上所述，我们的数据表明核胞质T3E RipAZ1对美洲葡萄球菌具有无毒作用。在维管细菌性植物病原体中已知的无毒基因很少，而ripAZ1是在茄属植物中第一个被识别的无毒基因。因此，这项工作为鉴定负责特异性识别RipAZ1的抗病基因开辟了道路，RipAZ1可能是抵抗破坏性细菌性枯萎病的来源。在与野生植物美洲龙葵相互作用过程中，龙葵III型效应物RipAZ1具有细菌毒性。
Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt disease in many plant species. Type III‐secreted effectors (T3Es) play crucial roles in bacterial pathogenesis. However, some T3Es are recognized by corresponding disease resistance proteins and activate plant immunity. In this study, we identified the R. solanacearum T3E protein RipAZ1 (Ralstonia injected protein AZ1) as an avirulence determinant in the black nightshade species Solanum americanum. Based on the S. americanum accession‐specific avirulence phenotype of R. solanacearum strain Pe_26, 12 candidate avirulence T3Es were selected for further analysis. Among these candidates, only RipAZ1 induced a cell death response when transiently expressed in a bacterial wilt‐resistant S. americanum accession. Furthermore, loss of ripAZ1 in the avirulent R. solanacearum strain Pe_26 resulted in acquired virulence. Our analysis of the natural sequence and functional variation of RipAZ1 demonstrated that the naturally occurring C‐terminal truncation results in loss of RipAZ1‐triggered cell death. We also show that the 213 amino acid central region of RipAZ1 is sufficient to induce cell death in S. americanum. Finally, we show that RipAZ1 may activate defence in host cell cytoplasm. Taken together, our data indicate that the nucleocytoplasmic T3E RipAZ1 confers R. solanacearum avirulence in S. americanum. Few avirulence genes are known in vascular bacterial phytopathogens and ripAZ1 is the first one in R. solanacearum that is recognized in black nightshades. This work thus opens the way for the identification of disease resistance genes responsible for the specific recognition of RipAZ1, which can be a source of resistance against the devastating bacterial wilt disease. Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector RipAZ1 confers bacterial avirulence during interaction with a wild plant species Solanum americanum.
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