Distemper, extinction, and vaccination of the Amur tiger.
Distemper, extinction, and vaccination of the Amur tiger.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2000153117
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发表时间：
2020-12-15
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Cleaveland S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilbert M;Sulikhan N;Uphyrkina O;Goncharuk M;Kerley L;Castro EH;Reeve R;Seimon T;McAloose D;Seryodkin IV;Naidenko SV;Davis CA;Wilkie GS;Vattipally SB;Adamson WE;Hinds C;Thomson EC;Willett BJ;Hosie MJ;Logan N;McDonald M;Ossiboff RJ;Shevtsova EI;Belyakin S;Yurlova AA;Osofsky SA;Miquelle DG;Matthews L;Cleaveland S
由于传染病的爆发，许多受威胁人口的减少和逐渐碎片化增加了灭绝的脆弱性。疫苗接种是缓解这些威胁的为数不多的工具之一，但由于流行病学了解不足和有关濒危野生动物疫苗接种的历史争议，疫苗的使用往往受到阻碍。以东北虎和CDV为例，我们描述了一种基于现场关键流行病学证据选择适当疾病缓解策略的整体方法。然后，我们评估接种疫苗的老虎对当地流行的CDV毒株的保护作用，并使用建模来比较潜在疫苗接种计划的有效性和成本。这种实用的方法为保护管理者提供了一个以证据为基础的理由，以解决受威胁野生动物种群因疾病而灭绝的风险。犬瘟热病毒(CDV)最近已成为濒危东北虎(Panthera Tgris Altaica)的灭绝威胁。CDV是疫苗可预防的，控制策略可能需要为家犬和/或野生动物种群接种疫苗。然而，濒危野生动物的疫苗接种仍然存在争议，这导致人们将重点放在对家犬的干预上，家犬通常被认为是感染源。有效的决策需要了解真实的油藏动态，这对拥有不同宿主社区的偏远地区构成了巨大的挑战。我们对俄罗斯远东地区的狗和野生动物种群进行了血清学、人口学和系统发育研究，表明许多野生动物物种比狗更重要，无论是在维持CDV方面，还是作为老虎的感染源。因此，至关重要的是，由于CDV在多个野生动物来源之间传播，单靠接种狗只疫苗并不能有效地保护老虎。然而，我们表明，对老虎进行低覆盖率的疫苗接种本身是可行的，并将大幅降低灭绝风险。为濒危野生动物接种疫苗是濒危物种保护战略的重要组成部分。
The decline and progressive fragmentation of many threatened populations increase extinction vulnerability due to outbreaks of infectious disease. Vaccination is one of the few tools available to mitigate these threats, but its use is often hampered by insufficient epidemiological understanding and historic controversies over endangered wildlife vaccination. Using the example of Amur tigers and CDV, we describe a holistic approach to select appropriate disease mitigation strategies based on key epidemiological evidence from the field. We then assess the protection of vaccinated tigers against the locally circulating CDV strain and use modeling to compare the efficacy and cost of potential vaccination programs. This practical approach provides conservation managers with an evidence-based rationale to address disease-mediated extinction risks for threatened wildlife populations. Canine distemper virus (CDV) has recently emerged as an extinction threat for the endangered Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). CDV is vaccine-preventable, and control strategies could require vaccination of domestic dogs and/or wildlife populations. However, vaccination of endangered wildlife remains controversial, which has led to a focus on interventions in domestic dogs, often assumed to be the source of infection. Effective decision making requires an understanding of the true reservoir dynamics, which poses substantial challenges in remote areas with diverse host communities. We carried out serological, demographic, and phylogenetic studies of dog and wildlife populations in the Russian Far East to show that a number of wildlife species are more important than dogs, both in maintaining CDV and as sources of infection for tigers. Critically, therefore, because CDV circulates among multiple wildlife sources, dog vaccination alone would not be effective at protecting tigers. We show, however, that low-coverage vaccination of tigers themselves is feasible and would produce substantive reductions in extinction risks. Vaccination of endangered wildlife provides a valuable component of conservation strategies for endangered species.
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影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Logan N;McMonagle E;Drew AA;Takahashi E;McDonald M;Baron MD;Gilbert M;Cleaveland S;Haydon DT;Hosie MJ;Willett BJ
通讯作者：
Willett BJ
影响因子：
5
作者：
Almberg, Emily S.;Cross, Paul C.;Smith, Douglas W.
通讯作者：
Smith, Douglas W.
影响因子：
5
作者：
Haas, L;Martens, W;Barrett, T
通讯作者：
Barrett, T
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Fisher S;Barry A;Abreu J;Minie B;Nolan J;Delorey TM;Young G;Fennell TJ;Allen A;Ambrogio L;Berlin AM;Blumenstiel B;Cibulskis K;Friedrich D;Johnson R;Juhn F;Reilly B;Shammas R;Stalker J;Sykes SM;Thompson J;Walsh J;Zimmer A;Zwirko Z;Gabriel S;Nicol R;Nusbaum C
通讯作者：
Nusbaum C
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Gordon CH;Banyard AC;Hussein A;Laurenson MK;Malcolm JR;Marino J;Regassa F;Stewart AM;Fooks AR;Sillero-Zubiri C
通讯作者：
Sillero-Zubiri C