The target/perpetrator brief-implicit association test (B-IAT): an implicit instrument for efficiently measuring discrimination based on race/ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, weight, and age.
The target/perpetrator brief-implicit association test (B-IAT): an implicit instrument for efficiently measuring discrimination based on race/ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, weight, and age.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-021-10171-7
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发表时间：
2021-01-19
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Krieger N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marini M;Waterman PD;Breedlove E;Chen JT;Testa C;Reisner SL;Pardee DJ;Mayer KH;Krieger N
迄今为止，评估歧视的研究主要采用了明确的措施（即，自我报告），这可能会受到有意和社会可取性的过程。只有少数研究，侧重于性别和种族/民族歧视，依赖于隐含的措施（即，内隐联想测验（IAT），它允许评估意识控制之外的心理表征。本研究旨在通过将隐性措施的应用扩展到多种类型的歧视并优化管理这些工具所需的时间来推进歧视的测量。在2019年9月27日至2020年2月9日期间，我们进行了六项实验（984名参与者），以评估基于种族/民族，性别，性别认同，性取向，体重和年龄的隐性和显性歧视。内隐歧视的测量使用简短的内隐联想测试（B-IAT），一个新的验证版本的IAT开发，以缩短所需的时间（从15分钟到12分钟），以评估内隐的心理表征，而显着的歧视进行了评估，使用自我报告的项目。在参与者中（平均年龄= 37.8岁），68.6%为非西班牙裔白色人; 69%为女性; 76.1%为异性恋; 90.7%为性别一致; 52.8%为中等体重; 41.5%具有高等教育水平。总体而言，我们发现对所有目标群体的歧视的隐性和显性识别（目标成员比主导群体更强）。在调查种族/民族和体重歧视的实验中出现了一些例外。在种族主义实验中，只有有色人种对目标群体表现出内隐的歧视意识，而白色人则是中立的。在肥胖恐惧症实验中，体重不重的参与者表现出轻微的对优势群体的内隐歧视，而体重较重的参与者则表现出中立。这项研究提供的证据表明，B-IAT是一个有价值的工具，快速评估多种类型的内隐歧视。它还表明，隐性和显性的措施可以显示不同的结果，从而表明，研究将受益于使用这两种工具。这些结果对评估健康研究以及社会和心理科学中的歧视具有重要意义。在线版本包含补充材料，可通过10.1186/s12889-021-10171-7获得。
To date, research assessing discrimination has employed primarily explicit measures (i.e., self-reports), which can be subject to intentional and social desirability processes. Only a few studies, focusing on sex and race/ethnicity discrimination, have relied on implicit measures (i.e., Implicit Association Test, IAT), which permit assessing mental representations that are outside of conscious control. This study aims to advance measurement of discrimination by extending the application of implicit measures to multiple types of discrimination and optimizing the time required for the administration of these instruments. Between September 27th 2019 and February 9th 2020, we conducted six experiments (984 participants) to assess implicit and explicit discrimination based on race/ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, weight, and age. Implicit discrimination was measured by using the Brief-Implicit Association Test (B-IAT), a new validated version of the IAT developed to shorten the time needed (from ≈15 to ≈2 min) to assess implicit mental representations, while explicit discrimination was assessed using self-reported items. Among participants (mean age = 37.8), 68.6% were White Non-Hispanic; 69% were females; 76.1% were heterosexual; 90.7% were gender conforming; 52.8% were medium weight; and 41.5% had an advanced level of education. Overall, we found implicit and explicit recognition of discrimination towards all the target groups (stronger for members of the target than dominant groups). Some exceptions emerged in experiments investigating race/ethnicity and weight discrimination. In the racism experiment, only people of Color showed an implicit recognition of discrimination towards the target group, while White people were neutral. In the fatphobia experiment, participants who were not heavy showed a slight implicit recognition of discrimination towards the dominant group, while heavy participants were neutral. This study provides evidence that the B-IAT is a valuable tool for quickly assessing multiple types of implicit discrimination. It shows also that implicit and explicit measures can display diverging results, thus indicating that research would benefit from the use of both these instruments. These results have important implications for the assessment of discrimination in health research as well as in social and psychological science. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10171-7.
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影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Greenwald, AG;McGhee, DE;Schwartz, JLK
通讯作者：
Schwartz, JLK
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Choi, Kyung-Hee;Bowleg, Lisa;Neilands, Torsten B.
通讯作者：
Neilands, Torsten B.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
DeSante, Christopher D.;Smith, Candis Watts
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Smith, Candis Watts
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Green, Alexander R.;Carney, Dana R.;Pallin, Daniel J.;Ngo, Long H.;Raymond, Kristal L.;Iezzoni, Lisa I.;Banaji, Mahzarin R.
通讯作者：
Banaji, Mahzarin R.
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Krieger, Nancy;Carney, Dana;Banaji, Mahzarin
通讯作者：
Banaji, Mahzarin