Non-Target Site Mechanisms of Fungicide Resistance in Crop Pathogens: A Review.
Non-Target Site Mechanisms of Fungicide Resistance in Crop Pathogens: A Review.
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DOI：
10.3390/microorganisms9030502
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发表时间：
2021-02-27
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Chen S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu M;Chen S
植物病原体对有限数量的化学类别的杀真菌剂的抗性的迅速出现挑战了全球作物生产的可持续性和盈利能力。了解杀菌剂抗性的机制有助于大规模监测抗性种群，并可以指导和加速新型杀菌剂的开发。大多数现代杀真菌剂通过结合途径中的特定靶蛋白来破坏生物化学功能。虽然基于靶位点的机制如靶基因的交替和过表达通常被发现在许多真菌物种中赋予抗性，但遇到没有改变或过表达的靶位点的抗性表型并不罕见。然而，这样的非靶位点机制相对研究不足，部分原因是真菌基因组网络的复杂性。这种类型的耐药性通常是短暂的和不可遗传的，进一步阻碍了研究工作。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了作物病原菌和总结了报告的抗性机制，否则与靶位点，包括增加的外排泵的活性，代谢规避，解毒，常设的遗传变异，胁迫反应途径的调节，和单核苷酸多态性（SNP）或突变。此外，新的耐药机制，最近在人类病原体的特点进行了审查的背景下，非靶向耐药。
The rapid emergence of resistance in plant pathogens to the limited number of chemical classes of fungicides challenges sustainability and profitability of crop production worldwide. Understanding mechanisms underlying fungicide resistance facilitates monitoring of resistant populations at large-scale, and can guide and accelerate the development of novel fungicides. A majority of modern fungicides act to disrupt a biochemical function via binding a specific target protein in the pathway. While target-site based mechanisms such as alternation and overexpression of target genes have been commonly found to confer resistance across many fungal species, it is not uncommon to encounter resistant phenotypes without altered or overexpressed target sites. However, such non-target site mechanisms are relatively understudied, due in part to the complexity of the fungal genome network. This type of resistance can oftentimes be transient and noninheritable, further hindering research efforts. In this review, we focused on crop pathogens and summarized reported mechanisms of resistance that are otherwise related to target-sites, including increased activity of efflux pumps, metabolic circumvention, detoxification, standing genetic variations, regulation of stress response pathways, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or mutations. In addition, novel mechanisms of drug resistance recently characterized in human pathogens are reviewed in the context of nontarget-directed resistance.
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