Semiconductor nanocrystals: structure, properties, and band gap engineering.
Semiconductor nanocrystals: structure, properties, and band gap engineering.
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DOI：
10.1021/ar9001069
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发表时间：
2010-02-16
影响因子：
18.3
通讯作者：
Nie S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith AM;Nie S
半导体纳米晶体是纳米尺度的微小发光颗粒。研究人员对这些颗粒进行了深入研究，并将其开发用于太阳能转换、光电器件、分子与细胞成像以及超灵敏检测等广泛的应用领域。半导体纳米晶体的一个主要特征是量子限域效应，它导致电子载流子在纳米晶体内的空间受限。由于这种效应，研究人员可以利用这些“人造原子”的大小和形状来广泛而精确地调节离散电子能态和光学跃迁的能量。因此，研究人员可以在紫外、可见、近红外和中红外光谱范围内调节这些颗粒的发光。这些颗粒还跨越了小分子和块状晶体之间的过渡，赋予了诸如载流子倍增、单颗粒闪烁和光谱扩散等新的光学特性。此外，半导体纳米晶体为开发诸如用于分子成像和靶向治疗的超晶格和多模态试剂等复杂纳米结构提供了一种通用的构建模块。
在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在理解半导体纳米晶体的原子结构和光学特性方面的最新进展。我们还讨论了用于调节带隙和电子波函数以控制载流子位置的新策略。合金化、掺杂、应变调节和带边弯曲等新方法可能会在这些颗粒进一步用于光电子和生物医学应用的发展中发挥关键作用。
Semiconductor nanocrystals are tiny light-emitting particles on the nanometer scale. Researchers have studied these particles intensely and have developed them for broad applications in solar energy conversion, optoelectronic devices, molecular and cellular imaging, and ultrasensitive detection. A major feature of semiconductor nanocrystals is the quantum confinement effect, which leads to spatial enclosure of the electronic charge carriers within the nanocrystal. Because of this effect, researchers can use the size and shape of these “artificial atoms” to widely and precisely tune the energy of discrete electronic energy states and optical transitions. As a result, researchers can tune the light emission from these particles throughout the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectral ranges. These particles also span the transition between small molecules and bulk crystals, instilling novel optical properties such as carrier multiplication, single-particle blinking, and spectral diffusion. In addition, semiconductor nanocrystals provide a versatile building block for developing complex nanostructures such as superlattices and multimodal agents for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. In this Account, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the atomic structure and optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals. We also discuss new strategies for band gap and electronic wave function engineering to control the location of charge carriers. New methodologies such as alloying, doping, strain-tuning, and band-edge warping will likely play key roles in the further development of these particles for optoelectronic and biomedical applications.
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影响因子：
15
作者：
Mancini, Michael C.;Kairdolf, Brad A.;Smith, Andrew M.;Nie, Shuming
通讯作者：
Nie, Shuming
影响因子：
8.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
Dubertret, Benoit
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Klimov, VI;Mikhailovsky, AA;Bawendi, MG
通讯作者：
Bawendi, MG
影响因子：
10.8
作者：
McBride, James;Treadway, Joe;Rosenthal, Sandra J.
通讯作者：
Rosenthal, Sandra J.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Klimov, VI
通讯作者：
Klimov, VI