Safety in numbers: how social choice theory can inform avalanche risk management
Safety in numbers: how social choice theory can inform avalanche risk management
复制标题
数字安全:社会选择理论如何为雪崩风险管理提供信息
DOI:
10.1080/14729679.2021.2012216
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Ebert P
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ebert P
Avalanche studies have undergone a transition in recent years. Early research focused mainly on environmental factors. More recently, attention has turned to human factors in decision making, such as behavioural and cognitive biases. This article adds asocialcomponent to this human turn in avalanche studies. It identifies lessons for decision making by groups of skiers from the perspective of social choice theory, a sub-field of economics, decision theory, philosophy and political science that investigates voting methods and other forms of collective decision making. In the first part, we outline the phenomenon ofwisdom of crowds, where groups make better decisions than their individual members. Drawing on the conceptual apparatus of social choice theory and using idealised scenarios, we identify conditions under which wisdom of crowds arises and also explain how and when deciding together can instead result in worse decisions than may be expected from individual group members. In the second part, we use this theoretical understanding to offer practical suggestions for decision making in avalanche terrain. Finally, we make several suggestions for risk management in other outdoor and adventure sports and for outdoor sports education.
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2017
期刊:
Journal of outdoor recreation and tourism
影响因子:
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