Norms and standardizations in neuropsychology via equivalent scores: software solutions and practical guides.
Norms and standardizations in neuropsychology via equivalent scores: software solutions and practical guides.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10072-021-05374-0
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Depaoli EG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aiello EN;Depaoli EG
需要对神经心理测试进行标准化，并对其原始分数进行标准化，以对客户的神经心理特征做出客观的临床判断。等值计分(ES)法是一种基于回归的标准化/标准化技术，它依赖于对与外部和内部公差界限(OTL；ITL)相对应的观测值的非参数识别，以得出分界点，以及ES之间的阈值--以标记跨越不同能力水平的通过。然而，确定这些观察结果仍然是一个耗时的“手动”程序。这项工作旨在为从业者提供一个用户友好的代码，帮助计算TLS和ES阈值。采用R语言和RStudio环境。实现了通过利用Beta分布特征来识别与两个TL对应的观测值的功能。还提供了用于根据基于z-偏差的方法识别对应于ES阈值的观测的代码。已经对上述功能和脚本的使用进行了详尽的范例分析。提供了一个用户友好的在线小程序，用于计算TLS和ESS阈值。还给出了在识别TLS和ESS阈值之前的基于回归的过程的简要总结(以及实现这些步骤的R脚本)。本研究为标准化/标准化神经心理测验的阈值计算提供了一种软件解决方案。这些软件有助于减少ES方法应用时的主观性和错误率，并简化和加快其实施。
Norming neuropsychological tests and standardizing their raw scores are needed to draw objective clinical judgments on clients’ neuropsychological profile. The Equivalent Score (ES) method is a regression-based normative/standardization technique that relies on the non-parametric identification of the observations corresponding to the outer and inner tolerance limits (oTL; iTL) — to derive a cut-off, as well as to between-ES thresholds — to mark the passage across different levels of ability. However, identifying these observations is still a time-consuming, “manual” procedure. This work aimed at providing practitioners with a user-friendly code that helps compute TLs and ES thresholds. R language and RStudio environment were adopted. A function for identifying the observations corresponding to both TLs by exploiting Beta distribution features was implemented. A code for identifying the observations corresponding to ES thresholds according to a z-deviate-based approach is also provided. An exhaustive paradigm of usage of both the aforementioned function and script has been carried out. A user-friendly, online applet is provided for the calculation of both TLs and ESs thresholds. A brief summary of the regression-based procedure preceding the identification of TLs and ESs threshold is also given (along with an R script implementing these steps). The present work provides with a software solution to the calculation of TLs and ES thresholds for norming/standardizing neuropsychological tests. These software can help reduce both the subjectivity and the error rate when applying the ES method, as well as simplify and expedite its implementation.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Scherr, Martin;Kunz, Alexander;Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika
通讯作者：
Killer-Oberpfalzer, Monika
DOI：
10.1007/s10072-020-04753-3
发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
--
DOI：
10.1080/01688639708403761
发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Capitani, E;Laiacona, M
通讯作者：
Laiacona, M
DOI：
10.1002/bimj.201700067
发表时间：
2018-05
期刊：
Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift
影响因子：
--
作者：
Heinze G;Wallisch C;Dunkler D
通讯作者：
Dunkler D
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Capitani, E
通讯作者：
Capitani, E