Effects of children's working memory capacity and processing speed on their sentence imitation performance.
Effects of children's working memory capacity and processing speed on their sentence imitation performance.
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儿童工作记忆容量和处理速度对其句子模仿能力的影响。
DOI：
10.1111/1460-6984.12014
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Park,JiSook
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Poll,GerardH;Miller,CarolA;Mainela-Arnold,Elina;Adams,KatharineDonnelly;Misra,Maya;Park,JiSook
研究背景语言困难儿童的特点是工作记忆容量有限，对语言和认知任务的处理速度较慢。处理速度的个体差异并不能一致地预测语言能力或语言障碍的严重程度。工作记忆和加工速度是一种整合能力还是一种分离能力，目前存在着不同的观点，目的评价儿童句子模仿加工速度个体差异与工作记忆容量关系的四种模型。这些模型考虑了工作记忆和处理速度是整合的还是可分离的，以及每个句子所需操作数量的影响。工作记忆作为中介的作用，加工速度对句子imitation.Methods & ProceduresForty-six不同的语言和阅读能力的儿童模仿的句子。工作记忆用竞争语言处理任务（CLPT）测量，处理速度用真值判断和快速自动化命名任务的复合物测量。混合效应有序回归模型评估了CLPT和处理速度作为句子模仿项目得分的预测因子。一个单一的中介模型评估工作记忆作为中介的处理速度对句子模仿的总scores.Outcomes & ResultsWorkingMemory的效果是一个可靠的预测句子模仿的准确性，但处理速度预测句子模仿的处理速度的一个组成部分，由一些操作的相互作用。处理速度预测工作记忆容量，有证据表明，工作记忆作为一个中介的影响，处理速度对句子模仿accuracy.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe研究结果支持一个精致的工作记忆和处理速度作为可分离的因素，在儿童的句子模仿性能。加工速度并不能独立解释所有句子类型的句子模仿准确性，但当任务需要更多的心理操作时，它会有所贡献。加工速度也通过促进工作记忆容量对句子模仿产生间接影响。
BackgroundMore limited working memory capacity and slower processing for language and cognitive tasks are characteristics of many children with language difficulties. Individual differences in processing speed have not consistently been found to predict language ability or severity of language impairment. There are conflicting views on whether working memory and processing speed are integrated or separable abilities.AimsTo evaluate four models for the relations of individual differences in children's processing speed and working memory capacity in sentence imitation. The models considered whether working memory and processing speed are integrated or separable, as well as the effect of the number of operations required per sentence. The role of working memory as a mediator of the effect of processing speed on sentence imitation was also evaluated.Methods & ProceduresForty‐six children with varied language and reading abilities imitated sentences. Working memory was measured with the Competing Language Processing Task (CLPT), and processing speed was measured with a composite of truth‐value judgment and rapid automatized naming tasks. Mixed‐effects ordinal regression models evaluated the CLPT and processing speed as predictors of sentence imitation item scores. A single mediator model evaluated working memory as a mediator of the effect of processing speed on sentence imitation total scores.Outcomes & ResultsWorking memory was a reliable predictor of sentence imitation accuracy, but processing speed predicted sentence imitation only as a component of a processing speed by number of operations interaction. Processing speed predicted working memory capacity, and there was evidence that working memory acted as a mediator of the effect of processing speed on sentence imitation accuracy.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe findings support a refined view of working memory and processing speed as separable factors in children's sentence imitation performance. Processing speed does not independently explain sentence imitation accuracy for all sentence types, but contributes when the task requires more mental operations. Processing speed also has an indirect effect on sentence imitation by contributing to working memory capacity.
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