The ecology of human fear: survival optimization and the nervous system.
The ecology of human fear: survival optimization and the nervous system.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2015.00055
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Prévost C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mobbs D;Hagan CC;Dalgleish T;Silston B;Prévost C
我们提出了一个生存优化系统（SOS）来解释人类和其他动物用来抵御反复出现的和新的威胁的策略。SOS试图将生态模型与当代人类情感科学方法相结合，这些模型定义了一系列与情境相关的威胁诱导的生存行为。我们首先提出，神经系统的目标是减少惊喜和优化行动（i）预测感官景观模拟可能遇到的威胁，并选择适当的遭遇前的行动和（ii）预防策略，其中生物体制造安全的环境。当遇到潜在的威胁时，（iii）威胁定向系统参与确定生物体是否忽略刺激或切换到（iv）威胁评估的过程，其中生物体监测刺激，权衡威胁值，预测威胁的行动，寻找安全，并指导对定向逃跑至关重要的行为行动。当受到迫在眉睫的攻击时，（v）防御系统会引起快速的反射性间接逃避行为（即，战斗或逃跑）。这种对日益严重的威胁的级联反应是由一个相互连接的神经结构所支持的，该结构从皮层和海马电路延伸到注意力、行动和威胁系统，包括杏仁核、纹状体和中脑中的硬连线防御系统。SOS还包括一个由认知评估系统组成的调节功能，可以灵活地指导感知，风险和行动。此外，个人和替代性威胁通过基于模型的学习来微调回避行为，高等生物桥接数据以减少与捕食者的面对面遭遇。我们的模型试图统一人类情感科学的不同领域，提出一个高度整合的神经系统，它已经进化到增加生物体的生存机会。
We propose a Survival Optimization System (SOS) to account for the strategies that humans and other animals use to defend against recurring and novel threats. The SOS attempts to merge ecological models that define a repertoire of contextually relevant threat induced survival behaviors with contemporary approaches to human affective science. We first propose that the goal of the nervous system is to reduce surprise and optimize actions by (i) predicting the sensory landscape by simulating possible encounters with threat and selecting the appropriate pre-encounter action and (ii) prevention strategies in which the organism manufactures safe environments. When a potential threat is encountered the (iii) threat orienting system is engaged to determine whether the organism ignores the stimulus or switches into a process of (iv) threat assessment, where the organism monitors the stimulus, weighs the threat value, predicts the actions of the threat, searches for safety, and guides behavioral actions crucial to directed escape. When under imminent attack, (v) defensive systems evoke fast reflexive indirect escape behaviors (i.e., fight or flight). This cascade of responses to threat of increasing magnitude are underwritten by an interconnected neural architecture that extends from cortical and hippocampal circuits, to attention, action and threat systems including the amygdala, striatum, and hard-wired defensive systems in the midbrain. The SOS also includes a modulatory feature consisting of cognitive appraisal systems that flexibly guide perception, risk and action. Moreover, personal and vicarious threat encounters fine-tune avoidance behaviors via model-based learning, with higher organisms bridging data to reduce face-to-face encounters with predators. Our model attempts to unify the divergent field of human affective science, proposing a highly integrated nervous system that has evolved to increase the organism's chances of survival.
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影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Adolphs, Ralph
通讯作者：
Adolphs, Ralph
DOI：
10.3758/bf03211975
发表时间：
1976-01-01
期刊：
ANIMAL LEARNING & BEHAVIOR
影响因子：
--
作者：
BOLLES, RC;COLLIER, AC
通讯作者：
COLLIER, AC
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Aplin, Lucy M.;Farine, Damien R.;Morand-Ferron, Julie;Cockburn, Andrew;Thornton, Alex;Sheldon, Ben C.
通讯作者：
Sheldon, Ben C.
影响因子：
25
作者：
Bishop, S;Duncan, J;Lawrence, AD
通讯作者：
Lawrence, AD
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Barrett LF;Kensinger EA
通讯作者：
Kensinger EA