The geography of parasite local adaptation to host communities

The geography of parasite local adaptation to host communities
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寄生虫对寄主社区的局部适应的地理

DOI:
10.1111/ecog.05730
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Lasky, Jesse R.
Lasky, Jesse R.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bellis, Emily S.;McLaughlin, Chloee M.;dePamphilis, Claude W.;Lasky, Jesse R.

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对环境的适应性反应可以塑造物种的分布,尽管相反的生态进化过程可能会掩盖环境影响。例如,宿主专一性影响寄生虫的动态,但尚不清楚寄生虫对当地宿主群落的适应如何扩大到大陆分布。在这里,我们开发了一个宏观生态框架来确定寄主群落结构如何影响非洲谷类作物寄生植物Striga hermonthica的专业种群和通用种群的分布。结合来自全球作物生产和寄生虫实验的数据,我们发现寄生虫在其起源地点最常见的宿主物种上表现最好。此外,生态位模型对比预测了寄生虫在驯化过程中进化的两个寄主(珍珠谷子和高粱)上的专门化,表明专业寄生虫可能最有可能出现在多变量环境空间中寄主生态位差异最大的地方。我们的研究表明,寄生虫对寄主群落的局部适应模式可以在大陆范围内出现,寄主对不同环境的耐受性间接决定了专科和多面性寄生虫的分布。通过直接从环境数据预测寄生虫专门化与泛化的空间动态,我们的方法可能有助于为当前和未来的病虫害管理提供信息。
Fitness responses to environment can shape species distributions, though opposing eco‐evolutionary processes can obscure environmental effects. For example, host specificity influences parasite dynamics, but is unclear how adaptation of parasites to local host communities may scale up to continental distributions. Here, we develop a macroecological framework to determine how host community structure affects the distribution of specialist and generalist populations ofStriga hermonthica, an African parasitic plant of cereal crops. Combining data from global crop production and parasite experimental trials, we find that parasites perform best on the host species that is most common in their location of origin. Moreover, niche model contrasts predict parasite specialization on two hosts that evolved alongsideStrigaduring domestication (pearl millet and sorghum), indicating that specialist parasites may be most likely to occur where host niches differ most in multivariate environmental space. Our study demonstrates that patterns of parasite local adaptation to host communities can emerge at continental scales and that differential environmental tolerances of hosts indirectly shape the distribution of specialist and generalist parasites. By predicting spatial dynamics of parasite specialization versus generalization directly from environmental data, our approach may help inform current and future management of pests and disease.
线边缘的局部适应——MELAMPSORA LNI宿主-病原体相互作用
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