Dazzle camouflage affects speed perception.
Dazzle camouflage affects speed perception.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0020233
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cuthill IC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scott-Samuel NE;Baddeley R;Palmer CE;Cuthill IC
运动是伪装的敌人：大多数隐藏的尝试都被目标的运动破坏了。面对这一问题，二十世纪两次世界大战的海军都在自己的军舰上涂上了高对比度的几何图案：即所谓的“炫目伪装”。据称，这种模式不是试图隐藏单个单位，而是扰乱对它们的距离、航向、大小、形状和速度的感知，从而减少特别是潜艇鱼雷攻击造成的损失。早些时候，关于生物伪装也提出了类似的论点。虽然有充分的理由相信，这些知觉扭曲中的大多数可能已经发生，但没有证据支持最后一种说法：改变感知的速度。在这里，我们展示了炫目的模式会扭曲速度感知，而且这种影响在高速时最大。对快速移动的猎物或现代低技术战场发动弹道攻击的捕食者应该会产生这种效果，在这些战场上，手持武器可以近距离向移动中的车辆发射。在后一种情况下，我们证明了在涉及RPG7攻击路虎的典型情况下，感知速度的降低足以使手榴弹偏离目标约一米，这可能是车辆乘员生死存亡的关键。
Movement is the enemy of camouflage: most attempts at concealment are disrupted by motion of the target. Faced with this problem, navies in both World Wars in the twentieth century painted their warships with high contrast geometric patterns: so-called “dazzle camouflage”. Rather than attempting to hide individual units, it was claimed that this patterning would disrupt the perception of their range, heading, size, shape and speed, and hence reduce losses from, in particular, torpedo attacks by submarines. Similar arguments had been advanced earlier for biological camouflage. Whilst there are good reasons to believe that most of these perceptual distortions may have occurred, there is no evidence for the last claim: changing perceived speed. Here we show that dazzle patterns can distort speed perception, and that this effect is greatest at high speeds. The effect should obtain in predators launching ballistic attacks against rapidly moving prey, or modern, low-tech battlefields where handheld weapons are fired from short ranges against moving vehicles. In the latter case, we demonstrate that in a typical situation involving an RPG7 attack on a Land Rover the reduction in perceived speed is sufficient to make the grenade miss where it was aimed by about a metre, which could be the difference between survival or not for the occupants of the vehicle.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Merilaita, S
通讯作者：
Merilaita, S
影响因子：
--
作者：
Pelli, DG
通讯作者：
Pelli, DG
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Thompson, Benjamin;Troje, Nikolaus F.;Hess, Robert F.
通讯作者：
Hess, Robert F.
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Georges, S;Seriès, P;Lorenceau, J
通讯作者：
Lorenceau, J
DOI：
10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01858.x
发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Merilaita, S;Tuomi, J;Jormalainen, V
通讯作者：
Jormalainen, V