Kant on the Normativity of Obligatory Ends

Kant on the Normativity of Obligatory Ends
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康德论义务性目的的规范性

DOI:
10.1007/s10892-023-09463-4
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
The Journal of Ethics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sticker M
Sticker M
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sticker M

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我提出了一种新的方法来理解康德慈善观的严谨性。这种新奇的理解可以为我们的直觉奠定基础,即我们不必(几乎)放弃对个人目的的所有追求。笔者认为,我们应该根据采纳和促进目的所确立的框架来理解不完善义务在具体案件中的适用。除了强制性目的,代理人还有其他目的,他们必须权衡这些强制性目的与其他目的之间的区别。强制性目的在目的中是特殊的,只有当它们的采用不是可选的时候。我对不完美义务的规范地位的解读,为我提供了一种思考慈善的方式,这种慈善是以代理人追求个人项目并相互权衡不同目的的日常方式为模板的。这在极端苛刻的慈善观和过于自由主义的慈善观之间建立了一个中间地带。此外,它帮助我们理解为什么我们不必做到最大限度的仁慈,以及为什么我们在考虑救援案例时会偏向于就近。
I propose a novel way to understand the stringency of Kant’s conception of beneficence. This novel understanding can ground our intuition that we do not have to forego (almost) all pursuit of our personal ends. I argue that we should understand the application of imperfect duties to specific cases according to the framework set by the adoption and promotion of ends. Agents have other ends than obligatory ones and they must weigh obligatory ends against these other ends. Obligatory ends are special among ends only insofar as their adoption is not optional. My reading of the normative status of imperfect duties affords a way of thinking about beneficence modelled on the everyday ways in which agents pursue their personal projects and weigh different ends against each other. This establishes a middle-ground between an extremely demanding conception of beneficence and an overly latitudinarian one. Furthermore, it helps us understand why we do not have to be maximally beneficent and why there is a bias towards the near in our thinking about rescue cases.
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