Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage.
Massive cranium from Harbin in northeastern China establishes a new Middle Pleistocene human lineage.
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中国东北哈尔滨的巨大头盖骨建立了一个新的中更新世人类谱系
DOI：
10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100130
复制
发表时间：
2021-08-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stringer C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ni X;Ji Q;Wu W;Shao Q;Ji Y;Zhang C;Liang L;Ge J;Guo Z;Li J;Li Q;Grün R;Stringer C
最近已经清楚的是，在中更新世晚期和更新世晚期，几个人类谱系与智人共存。在这里，我们报告了一个古老的人类化石，它为关于人属多样性和智人起源的争论提供了新的线索。该化石是在中国东北的哈尔滨市发现的，最小铀系年龄为146 ka。该头骨是保存最完好的中更新世人类化石之一。其巨大的尺寸，具有大的颅容量（约1，420毫升），属于现代人类的范围，与原始和衍生特征的马赛克相结合。它与所有其他已命名的人属物种的不同之处在于，它呈现出一系列特征，例如长而低的颅穹窿，宽而低的脸，大而几乎正方形的眼眶，轻微弯曲但大量发育的眶上隆凸，扁平而低的颧骨，浅的犬齿窝，以及浅的腭，厚的牙槽骨支撑着非常大的臼齿。哈尔滨头盖骨的良好保存促进了我们对中国中更新世晚期几个不太完整的化石的了解，这些化石被解释为早期直立人和晚期智人之间的局部进化中间体。基于简约性标准和贝叶斯尖端测年法的系统发育分析表明，哈尔滨人颅与大理、夏河等地的中更新世人类化石形成了东亚第三谱系，是智人谱系的姐妹群的一部分。我们对来自亚洲、欧洲和非洲的这些形态上独特的古代人类谱系的分析表明，人属的多样化可能比以前假设的要有更深的时间尺度。小种群的同域隔离与随机长距离扩散相结合是解释人属演化的最佳地理模型。10多万年前，几个人类物种在亚洲、欧洲和非洲共存，哈尔滨地区发现的一个保存完整的人类头盖骨化石为了解人类的进化和我们物种的起源提供了关键证据，哈尔滨头盖骨的头盖骨容量很大（约1，420 mL）属于现代人类的范围，但结合了原始和衍生特征的镶嵌，我们综合的系统发育分析表明，哈尔滨头盖骨代表了智人的一个新的姐妹谱系。定向的“穿梭扩散模型”更有可能解释非洲和欧亚人属物种/种群之间复杂的系统发育联系
It has recently become clear that several human lineages coexisted with Homo sapiens during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene. Here, we report an archaic human fossil that throws new light on debates concerning the diversification of the Homo genus and the origin of H. sapiens. The fossil was recovered in Harbin city in northeastern China, with a minimum uranium-series age of 146 ka. This cranium is one of the best preserved Middle Pleistocene human fossils. Its massive size, with a large cranial capacity (∼1,420 mL) falling in the range of modern humans, is combined with a mosaic of primitive and derived characters. It differs from all the other named Homo species by presenting a combination of features, such as long and low cranial vault, a wide and low face, large and almost square orbits, gently curved but massively developed supraorbital torus, flat and low cheekbones with a shallow canine fossa, and a shallow palate with thick alveolar bone supporting very large molars. The excellent preservation of the Harbin cranium advances our understanding of several less-complete late Middle Pleistocene fossils from China, which have been interpreted as local evolutionary intermediates between the earlier species Homo erectus and later H. sapiens. Phylogenetic analyses based on parsimony criteria and Bayesian tip-dating suggest that the Harbin cranium and some other Middle Pleistocene human fossils from China, such as those from Dali and Xiahe, form a third East Asian lineage, which is a part of the sister group of the H. sapiens lineage. Our analyses of such morphologically distinctive archaic human lineages from Asia, Europe, and Africa suggest that the diversification of the Homo genus may have had a much deeper timescale than previously presumed. Sympatric isolation of small populations combined with stochastic long-distance dispersals is the best fitting biogeographical model for interpreting the evolution of the Homo genus. More than 100,000 years ago, several human species coexisted in Asia, Europe, and Africa A completely preserved fossil human cranium discovered in the Harbin area provides critical evidence for understanding the evolution of humans and the origin of our species The Harbin cranium has a large cranial capacity (∼1,420 mL) falling in the range of modern humans, but is combined with a mosaic of primitive and derived characters Our comprehensive phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Harbin cranium represents a new sister lineage for Homo sapiens A multi-directional “shuttle dispersal model” is more likely to explain the complex phylogenetic connections among African and Eurasian Homo species/populations
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DOI：
10.1006/clad.1994.1019
发表时间：
1994-09-01
期刊：
CLADISTICS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE WILLI HENNIG SOCIETY
影响因子：
--
作者：
BREMER, K
通讯作者：
BREMER, K
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Dupin, Julia;Matzke, Nicholas J.;Smith, Stacey D.
通讯作者：
Smith, Stacey D.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Mounier, Aurelien;Balzeau, Antoine;Grimaud-Herve, Dominique
通讯作者：
Grimaud-Herve, Dominique
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Meyer, Matthias;Arsuaga, Juan-Luis;Paeaebo, Svante
通讯作者：
Paeaebo, Svante
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Arsuaga, J. L.;Martinez, I.;Carbonell, E.
通讯作者：
Carbonell, E.