The effects of diet and sex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The effects of diet and sex in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neurol.2019.09.008
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发表时间:
2020-05
期刊:
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Grose JH
Grose JH
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pape JA;Grose JH

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肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种毁灭性的神经退行性疾病,目前尚无治愈方法。大约90%的ALS病例是散发的,这表明有多种因素影响疾病的风险、发病和进展。据报道,饮食和性别是人类和动物模型中改变ALS风险、发病和进展的两个因素,为疾病提供了潜在的调节剂。一些流行病学研究已经确定了对ALS患者有积极影响的饮食,包括各种高热量脂肪或糖基饮食,同时已经开发了动物模型来测试这些饮食在分子水平上是如何起作用的。这些饮食可以抵消ALS患者的代谢变化,如高代谢、低体重指数和高脂血症。性别依赖性差异也出现在大规模流行病学研究和小鼠模型研究中。此外,性激素已被证明会影响疾病的风险或进展。本文将对饮食和性别对ALS风险、发病和进展的影响进行综述。了解这些性别和饮食依赖的结果可能会导致ALS患者特异性治疗的优化。
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with no known cure. Approximately 90% of ALS cases are sporadic, suggesting there are multiple contributing factors that influence the disease risk, onset, and progression. Diet and sex are two factors that have been reported to alter ALS risk, onset and progression in humans and in animal models, providing potential modifiers of disease. Several epidemiological studies have identified diets that positively affect ALS patients, including various high-calorie fat- or sugar-based diets, while animal models have been developed to test how these diets are working on a molecular level. These diets may offset the metabolic alterations that occur in ALS, such as hypermetabolism, lowered body mass index, and hyperlipidemia. Sex-dependent differences have also come forth from large-scale epidemiological studies as well as mouse-model studies. In addition, sex hormones have been shown to affect disease risk or progression. Herein, studies on the effects of diet and sex on ALS risk, onset, and progression will be reviewed. Understanding these sex- and diet-dependent outcomes may lead to optimized patient-specific therapies for ALS.
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