Can we improve structured sequence processing? Exploring the direct and indirect effects of computerized training using a mediational model.
Can we improve structured sequence processing? Exploring the direct and indirect effects of computerized training using a mediational model.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0127148
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pisoni DB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith GN;Conway CM;Bauernschmidt A;Pisoni DB
最近的研究表明，语言习得可能依赖于领域一般的学习能力，如结构化序列处理，这是一种提取，编码和表示时间序列中的结构化模式的能力。如果结构化序列处理支持语言，那么就有可能通过增强这种基础学习能力来改善语言功能。本研究的目的是使用一种新的计算机化的训练任务，以更好地了解结构化序列加工和语言功能之间的关系。首先对参与者进行预训练任务评估，以提供结构化序列处理和语言能力的基线行为测量。然后将参与者半随机分配到涉及自适应结构化视觉空间序列训练的治疗组，涉及自适应非结构化视觉空间序列训练的治疗组或对照组。经过四天的序列训练后，所有参与者都接受了相同的训练前评估。培训后平均值的总体比较显示无组间差异。然而，为了研究序列训练、结构化序列处理和语言能力之间的潜在关系，我们使用了一个中介分析，该分析显示了两种竞争性效应。在间接效应中，结构化记忆的适应性序列训练对结构化序列加工绩效产生了积极影响，结构化序列加工绩效反过来又对语言加工产生了积极影响。这一发现不仅确定了治疗语言障碍的潜在新干预措施，而且可能是第一次证明结构化序列处理可以得到改善，这反过来又会对语言处理产生影响。然而，在直接效应中，具有结构调整的自适应序列训练对语言加工有直接的负面影响。这一意外的发现表明，结构性的适应性训练可能会干扰语言处理。总之，这些研究结果强调了追求设计的重要性，这些设计促进了对训练相关变化的机制的更好理解，从而可以开发出有助于减少这些类型的负面影响的方案，同时最大限度地提高感兴趣的结果指标的益处。
Recent research suggests that language acquisition may rely on domain-general learning abilities, such as structured sequence processing, which is the ability to extract, encode, and represent structured patterns in a temporal sequence. If structured sequence processing supports language, then it may be possible to improve language function by enhancing this foundational learning ability. The goal of the present study was to use a novel computerized training task as a means to better understand the relationship between structured sequence processing and language function. Participants first were assessed on pre-training tasks to provide baseline behavioral measures of structured sequence processing and language abilities. Participants were then quasi-randomly assigned to either a treatment group involving adaptive structured visuospatial sequence training, a treatment group involving adaptive non-structured visuospatial sequence training, or a control group. Following four days of sequence training, all participants were assessed with the same pre-training measures. Overall comparison of the post-training means revealed no group differences. However, in order to examine the potential relations between sequence training, structured sequence processing, and language ability, we used a mediation analysis that showed two competing effects. In the indirect effect, adaptive sequence training with structural regularities had a positive impact on structured sequence processing performance, which in turn had a positive impact on language processing. This finding not only identifies a potential novel intervention to treat language impairments but also may be the first demonstration that structured sequence processing can be improved and that this, in turn, has an impact on language processing. However, in the direct effect, adaptive sequence training with structural regularities had a direct negative impact on language processing. This unexpected finding suggests that adaptive training with structural regularities might potentially interfere with language processing. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of pursuing designs that promote a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying training-related changes, so that regimens can be developed that help reduce these types of negative effects while simultaneously maximizing the benefits to outcome measures of interest.
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DOI：
10.1080/01690965.2011.606666
发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
Language and cognitive processes
影响因子：
--
作者：
Christiansen MH;Conway CM;Onnis L
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
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