Strategies for reducing radiation dose in CT.
Strategies for reducing radiation dose in CT.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rcl.2008.10.006
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发表时间：
2009-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Christner, Jodie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCollough, Cynthia H.;Primak, Andrew N.;Braun, Natalie;Kofler, James;Yu, Lifeng;Christner, Jodie
“高端”CT系统允许获取各向同性体积数据集，允许图像小于1毫米厚和高质量的重新格式化图像。这些能力极大地扩展了CT的用途，CT的使用也相应增加，取代了越来越多的放射检查。1990年，美国进行了大约1300万次CT扫描。2000年，CT扫描次数增加了两倍多，达到约4600万次。估计2006年的CT扫描次数为6200万次。随着高质量的CT成像越来越频繁，患者可以从更快、更准确的诊断和精确的解剖信息中受益，从而制定治疗方案。然而，尽管CT对现代医疗保健做出了巨大贡献，但我们也必须注意到，在CT检查期间接受的电离辐射对健康的危害非常小。CT扫描仪通过测量人体从许多不同方向的x射线衰减特性来创建横断面图像。目前，与一次典型CT扫描相关的辐射剂量（1-14毫西弗，取决于检查方式）与每年从氡和宇宙辐射等自然辐射源接受的剂量（1-10毫西弗，取决于一个人的居住地）相当2。因此，典型CT扫描产生的辐射对个人的健康风险与背景辐射水平相当。然而，考虑到接受CT扫描的人数不断增加，CT辐射剂量对公众健康的影响可能是显著的，尽管关于这一假设存在相当大的争论。一项研究表明，根据1991年至今的CT使用数据，美国目前所有癌症中有0.4%可能归因于CT研究的辐射
“High-end” CT systems allow acquisition of isotropic volumetric data sets that permit images less than 1 mm thick and high quality reformatted images. These capabilities have greatly expanded the utility of CT, and CT usage has correspondingly increased, replacing more and more radiographic examinations. In 1990, approximately 13 million CT scans were performed in the United States 1. In 2000, the number of CT scans more than tripled to approximately 46 million 1. The estimated number of CT scans for 2006 is 62 million 1. With high quality CT imaging being performed more frequently, patients can benefit from a quicker and more accurate diagnosis and precise anatomic information for planning therapeutic procedures. However, in spite of the tremendous contributions of CT to modern healthcare, some attention must also be given to the very small health risk associated with the ionizing radiation received during a CT exam.CT scanners create cross-sectional images by measuring x-ray attenuation properties of the body from many different directions. Currently, the radiation dose associated with a typical CT scan (1–14 mSv depending on the exam) is comparable to the annual dose received from natural sources of radiation, such as radon and cosmic radiation (1–10 mSv), depending on where a person lives 2. Hence, the health risk to an individual from exposure to radiation from a typical CT scan is comparable to background levels of radiation. However, considering the growing population of people undergoing CT scans, the implications of CT radiation dose on public health effects may be significant, although considerable debate exists regarding this assumption. One study suggested that as much as 0.4% of all current cancers in the United States may be attributable to the radiation from CT studies based on CT usage data from 1991–
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影响因子：
19.7
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