Unifying Concepts Learned from Methyl Farnesoate for Invertebrate Reproduction and Post-Embryonic Development1
Unifying Concepts Learned from Methyl Farnesoate for Invertebrate Reproduction and Post-Embryonic Development1
复制标题
统一从法尼索酸甲酯中学到的无脊椎动物繁殖和胚胎后发育概念1
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Biggers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Laufer;W. Biggers
摘要自从发现许多甲壳类动物的下颌器官产生未氧化形式的昆虫保幼激素（JH Ⅲ）--法呢酸甲酯（MF）以来，大量的证据表明，这种化合物在甲壳类动物中的作用似乎与JH在昆虫中的作用相似。MF的一个主要功能似乎是促进生殖成熟。这是第一次通过间接实验与眼柄消融，这增加了MF生产。随后，直接处理的几种甲壳类与MF表明，生殖成熟的增强。MF的第二个功能类似于昆虫的JH，是维持幼年形态。这是特别真实的，在后期的幼虫转化为青少年，其中MF发挥抑制作用，以及在青少年转化为成人。这些结果是从眼柄去除实验中推断出来的。在幼虫-少年过渡的情况下，抑制结果也得到了与MF的直接激素治疗。然而，从非常早期的幼虫阶段的过渡，如一个无节幼体阶段进行到下一个，在许多情况下，也涉及形态发生的变化，可能会发生在MF的存在。事实上，MF似乎是刺激早期胚后幼虫阶段的甲壳纲动物。同样，MF在甲壳纲动物中的功能似乎与JH在早期胚后昆虫中的功能相似。然而，应该指出的是，甲壳纲动物的“早期”阶段比昆虫多得多，而且很少有人对这些情况进行过调查。当考虑动物王国和幼虫变态时，可能会提出这样的问题：是否有JH家族的其他成员调节变态和生殖。一个似乎可信的例子是某些环节动物。Capitella的担轮体对各种juvenoids有反应，但在一小时内对MF和二十碳三烯酸的反应最强烈。后一种化合物也存在于成年环节动物中，在那里它被命名为“精子成熟因子”，因为它似乎在砂生类的精子成熟中起作用。因此，类花生酸在环节动物中执行JH在昆虫中执行的两种功能。总之，似乎有形态发生促进反应，JHS在早期幼虫发育的甲壳类动物，环节动物，并可能其他形式，这不同于MF的影响，在后期幼虫的甲壳类MF延缓形态发生。这里提到的这种早期反应最近也被描述为昆虫。此外，很明显，多不饱和的8，11，14-二十碳三烯酸和花生四烯酸似乎是juvenoids，似乎在环节动物中起作用，也可能在昆虫和甲壳类动物中起作用。因此，似乎可以合理地得出结论，存在新的和新颖的juvenoids，而其他人仍在等待发现。
Abstract Since the discovery that methyl farnesoate (MF), the unepoxidated form of the insect juvenile hormone (JHIII), is produced by mandibular organs of numerous crustaceans, extensive evidence has accumulated that this compound appears to perform similar functions in the Crustacea as JH performs in insects. A major function of MF appears to be in enhancing reproductive maturation. This was first shown by indirect experimentation with eyestalk ablation, which augmented MF production. Subsequently, direct treatments of several species of crustacea with MF showed that reproductive maturation was enhanced. A second function of MF, similar to that of the JH of insects, is in the maintenance of juvenile morphology. This is especially true in the late larval transformations into juveniles, where MF plays an inhibitory role, as well as during the transformation of juveniles into adults. These results were inferred from eyestalk removal experiments. In the case of the larval-juvenile transition, inhibitory results were also obtained with MF by direct hormone treatments. However, the transition from very early larval stages, such as one nauplius stage proceeding to the next, which in many cases also involves morphogenetic changes, may be occurring in the presence of MF. Indeed, MF appears to be stimulatory to early postembryonic larval stages of Crustacea. Again, this function of MF in Crustacea appears to be similar to functions of JH in early postembryonic insects. However, it should be pointed out that there are many more “early” stages in Crustacea than there are in insects, and very few of these cases have been investigated. When considering the animal kingdom and larval metamorphosis, the question may be raised whether there are other members of the JH family regulating metamorphosis and reproduction. One plausible example appears to be among certain annelids. The trochophores of Capitella respond to various juvenoids, but are most responsive, within one hour, to MF and eicosatrienoic acid. This latter compound is present also in adult annelids, where it has been named “Sperm Maturation Factor,” since it seems to function in the maturation of sperm in Arenicola. Therefore, eicosanoids perform in annelids two functions performed in insects by JHs. In conclusion, it seems that there are morphogenesis promoting responses to JHs in early larval development in crustaceans, annelids, and possibly other forms, which differ from those MF effects in later larvae of Crustacea where MF retards morphogenesis. Such early responses as noted here have recently also been described for insects. Furthermore, it is clear that the polyunsaturated 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic and aracidonic acids seem to be juvenoids, and appear to function as such in annelids, and may also be functionally active in insects and crustaceans. It seems reasonable to conclude therefore that new and novel juvenoids exist, while others still await discovery.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.94.25.13499
发表时间：
1997-12-09
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Jones, G;Sharp, PA
通讯作者：
Sharp, PA
DOI：
10.1002/(sici)1520-6327(1996)32:3/4
发表时间：
1996-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Riddiford, LM
通讯作者：
Riddiford, LM