Enhanced interactions of Kuroshio Extension with tropical Pacific in a changing climate.
Enhanced interactions of Kuroshio Extension with tropical Pacific in a changing climate.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-021-85582-y
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发表时间：
2021-03-18
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Kirtman BP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joh Y;Di Lorenzo E;Siqueira L;Kirtman BP
黑潮延伸区(KE)的准年代际气候是理解北太平洋海气耦合动力学及其可预测性的关键。最近的观测研究表明，KE和热带中部太平洋厄尔尼诺南方涛动(CP-ENSO)之间的温带-热带耦合导致了太平洋气候变率的观测优先的年代际时间尺度。通过将再分析资料与高分辨率气候模式和线性逆模式(LIM)的数值模拟相结合，我们证实了KE和CP-ENSO动力学通过温带-热带遥相关联系在一起。具体地说，大气对KE的响应激发了激发CP-ENSO(温带)的经向模，而CP-ENSO遥相关又激发了KE(热带-温带)的温带大气强迫。然而，观测和模式都表明，KE/CP-ENSO耦合是非平稳的，并在1980年代中期以后的近几十年中有所加强。考虑到观测和气候模型记录的长度很短，很难将这种转变归因于人为强迫。然而，利用LIM的大集合，我们发现1980年中期以后KE/CP-ENSO耦合的加强是显著的，并与KE大气下游响应的变化有关，这对激发太平洋经向模和CP-ENSO的副热带风有更强的影响。
Quasi-decadal climate of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) is pivotal to understanding the North Pacific coupled ocean–atmosphere dynamics and their predictability. Recent observational studies suggest that extratropical-tropical coupling between the KE and the central tropical Pacific El Niño Southern Oscillation (CP-ENSO) leads to the observed preferred decadal time-scale of Pacific climate variability. By combining reanalysis data with numerical simulations from a high-resolution climate model and a linear inverse model (LIM), we confirm that KE and CP-ENSO dynamics are linked through extratropical-tropical teleconnections. Specifically, the atmospheric response to the KE excites Meridional Modes that energize the CP-ENSO (extratropicstropics), and in turn, CP-ENSO teleconnections energize the extratropical atmospheric forcing of the KE (tropicsextratropics). However, both observations and the model show that the KE/CP-ENSO coupling is non-stationary and has intensified in recent decades after the mid-1980. Given the short length of the observational and climate model record, it is difficult to attribute this shift to anthropogenic forcing. However, using a large-ensemble of the LIM we show that the intensification in the KE/CP-ENSO coupling after the mid-1980 is significant and linked to changes in the KE atmospheric downstream response, which exhibit a stronger imprint on the subtropical winds that excite the Pacific Meridional modes and CP-ENSO.
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