Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome.

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome.
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DOI:
10.1111/nyas.12693
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发表时间:
2015-03
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Hagerman RJ
Hagerman RJ
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hagerman PJ;Hagerman RJ

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脆性 X 相关震颤/共济失调综合征 (FXTAS) 是一种迟发性神经退行性疾病,影响部分但不是所有脆性 X 基因 (FMR1) 内小型非编码 CGG 重复扩增(55-200 次重复;前突变)的携带者。 FXTAS 的主要特征包括意向性震颤、小脑性共济失调、帕金森症、记忆和执行功能缺陷、自主神经功能障碍、白质疾病引起的脑萎缩和认知能力下降。尽管FXTAS最初被认为仅限于前突变范围,但现在已经描述了具有灰色区域(45至54个重复)或未甲基化完全突变(>200个重复)等位基因的罕见个体;该疾病的恒定特征仍然需要 FMR1 表达,这与脆性 X 综合征的基因沉默机制形成鲜明对比。尽管 FXTAS 发病机制需要转录活性,但 FXTAS 发病机制的具体触发因素仍然难以捉摸,这突出表明需要在该领域进行更多研究。最近的神经影像学发现强调了这种需求,即中枢神经系统的变化始终在临床症状出现之前出现,从而为延迟或预防 FXTAS 的出现创造了机会。
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder that affects some but not all carriers of small, non-coding CGG-repeat expansions (55–200 repeats; premutation) within the fragile X gene (FMR1). Principal features of FXTAS include intention tremor, cerebellar ataxia, Parkinsonism, memory and executive function deficits, autonomic dysfunction, brain atrophy with white matter disease, and cognitive decline. Although FXTAS was originally considered to be confined to the premutation range, rare individuals with a gray zone (45 to 54 repeats) or an unmethylated full mutation (>200 repeats) allele have now been described; the constant feature of the disorder remaining the requirement for FMR1 expression, in contradistinction to the gene silencing mechanism of fragile X syndrome. Although transcriptional activity is required for FXTAS pathogenesis, the specific trigger(s) for FXTAS pathogenesis remains elusive, highlighting the need for more research in this area. This need is underscored by recent neuroimaging findings of changes in the central nervous system that consistently appear well before the onset of clinical symptoms, thus creating an opportunity to delay or prevent the appearance of FXTAS.
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影响因子: 64.5
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