Predictability and Decadal Variability of the North Atlantic Ocean State Evaluated from a Realistic Ocean Model

Predictability and Decadal Variability of the North Atlantic Ocean State Evaluated from a Realistic Ocean Model
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根据现实海洋模型评估北大西洋状况的可预测性和年代际变化

DOI:
10.1175/jcli-d-16-0323.1
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
4.9
通讯作者:
Sévellec F
Sévellec F
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sévellec F

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本研究探讨了北大西洋海洋气候状态的年代际变率和可预报性的激发。具体来说,计算随深度、经度和纬度变化的温度和盐度的初始线性最佳扰动(LOP),并在现实的海洋环流模型中评估这些扰动对海洋的最大影响。LOP的计算涉及一个最大化的过程,在非自治的背景下,基于拉格朗日乘数。为了评估这些扰动的影响,使用了四种不同的北大西洋海洋状态的措施:纬向体积和热传输(MVT和MHT)和空间平均海表温度(SST)和海洋热含量(OHC)。结果表明,这些指标是显着不同的可预测性。而OHC和SST可以有效地修改,只有由流域尺度的异常,MVT和MHT也强烈影响较小的尺度扰动。这表明MVT和MHT的瞬时值甚至年平均值比SST和OHC更难预测。只有在几十年的平均值,前两个指标的可预测性与后两个,这突出了需要长期观测大西洋纬向翻转环流,以积累气候相关的数据。这项研究还表明,海洋温度的初始误差为几个毫开尔文,包括上层和深海,可以导致~0.1-K的误差在年际时间尺度上的北大西洋海面温度的预测。SST和OHC的这种瞬时误差增长分别在大约6年和10年后达到峰值,这意味着潜在的可预测性障碍。
This study investigates the excitation of decadal variability and predictability of the ocean climate state in the North Atlantic. Specifically, initial linear optimal perturbations (LOPs) in temperature and salinity that vary with depth, longitude, and latitude are computed, and the maximum impact on the ocean of these perturbations is evaluated in a realistic ocean general circulation model. The computations of the LOPs involve a maximization procedure based on Lagrange multipliers in a nonautonomous context. To assess the impact of these perturbations four different measures of the North Atlantic Ocean state are used: meridional volume and heat transports (MVT and MHT) and spatially averaged sea surface temperature (SST) and ocean heat content (OHC). It is shown that these metrics are dramatically different with regard to predictability. Whereas OHC and SST can be efficiently modified only by basin-scale anomalies, MVT and MHT are also strongly affected by smaller-scale perturbations. This suggests that instantaneous or even annual-mean values of MVT and MHT are less predictable than SST and OHC. Only when averaged over several decades do the former two metrics have predictability comparable to the latter two, which highlights the need for long-term observations of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in order to accumulate climatically relevant data. This study also suggests that initial errors in ocean temperature of a few millikelvins, encompassing both the upper and deep ocean, can lead to ~0.1-K errors in the predictions of North Atlantic sea surface temperature on interannual time scales. This transient error growth peaks for SST and OHC after about 6 and 10 years, respectively, implying a potential predictability barrier.
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发表时间: 2013-10
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DOI: --
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