Adaptations to local environments in modern human populations.
Adaptations to local environments in modern human populations.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gde.2014.06.011
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发表时间：
2014-12
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Di Rienzo, Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jeong, Choongwon;Di Rienzo, Anna
在大约5万至10万年前离开撒哈拉以南非洲地区后，解剖学上的现代人类迅速占据了极其多样化的环境。人类面临着文化创新带来的进一步环境变化，如农业的推广，这引起了与病原体接触和饮食变化有关的新的选择压力。除了改变个体适应性等位基因的频率外，自然选择还可能塑造适应性性状的整体遗传结构。在这里，我们回顾了最近的进展，了解适应性人类表型的遗传结构的基础上的见解，从乳糖酶的持久性，皮肤色素沉着和高海拔适应的研究。这些适应性在多个人类群体中平行进化，为研究进化过程的独立实现提供了机会。我们认为，适应性进化的结果往往是高度可变的，即使在类似的选择压力。最后，我们强调了越来越多的需要检测适应，没有遵循经典的扫描模型，并纳入新的来源的遗传证据，如信息从古代DNA。
After leaving sub-Saharan Africa around 50,000–100,000 years ago, anatomically modern humans have quickly occupied extremely diverse environments. Human populations were exposed to further environmental changes resulting from cultural innovations, such as the spread of farming, which gave rise to new selective pressures related to pathogen exposures and dietary shifts. In addition to changing the frequency of individual adaptive alleles, natural selection may also shape the overall genetic architecture of adaptive traits. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the genetic architecture of adaptive human phenotypes based on insights from the studies of lactase persistence, skin pigmentation and high-altitude adaptation. These adaptations evolved in parallel in multiple human populations, providing a chance to investigate independent realizations of the evolutionary process. We suggest that the outcome of adaptive evolution is often highly variable even under similar selective pressures. Finally, we highlight a growing need for detecting adaptations that did not follow the classical sweep model and for incorporating new sources of genetic evidence such as information from ancient DNA.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Alonso S;Izagirre N;Smith-Zubiaga I;Gardeazabal J;Díaz-Ramón JL;Díaz-Pérez JL;Zelenika D;Boyano MD;Smit N;de la Rúa C
通讯作者：
de la Rúa C
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Breton, Gwenna;Schlebusch, Carina M.;Jakobsson, Mattias
通讯作者：
Jakobsson, Mattias
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Cai Q;Qian X;Lang Y;Luo Y;Xu J;Pan S;Hui Y;Gou C;Cai Y;Hao M;Zhao J;Wang S;Wang Z;Zhang X;He R;Liu J;Luo L;Li Y;Wang J
通讯作者：
Wang J
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1002443107
发表时间：
2010-06-22
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Beall, Cynthia M.;Cavalleri, Gianpiero L.;Zheng, Yong Tang
通讯作者：
Zheng, Yong Tang
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
BEALL, CM;REICHSMAN, AB
通讯作者：
REICHSMAN, AB