From nano to macro: studying the hierarchical structure of the corneal extracellular matrix.
From nano to macro: studying the hierarchical structure of the corneal extracellular matrix.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exer.2014.07.018
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jester, James V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Quantock, Andrew J.;Winkler, Moritz;Parfitt, Geraint J.;Young, Robert D.;Brown, Donald J.;Boote, Craig;Jester, James V.
关键词：
在这篇综述中，我们讨论了当前研究眼部细胞外基质（ECM）组装从“纳米”到“宏观”层次组织的方法。由于胶原蛋白是眼睛中的主要结构蛋白，提供机械强度并控制眼睛形状，因此所提出的方法侧重于使用二次谐波生成 (SHG) 信号的非线性光学 (NLO) 成像，通过毫米至厘米级别的 X 射线散射来了解纳米级别胶原蛋白的分子组装。还讨论了 ECM 结构的三维分析，包括电子断层扫描、串行块面扫描电子显微镜 (SBF-SEM) 和数字图像重建。还介绍了检测 ECM 非胶原结构成分的技术，包括免疫电子显微镜和阳离子染料染色。总之，这些不同的方法为眼部 ECM 的结构蓝图，特别是角膜的结构蓝图提供了新的见解，这影响了我们目前对角膜形状控制、角膜扩张性疾病的致病机制以及角膜组织工程潜力的理解。
In this review, we discuss current methods for studying ocular extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly from the ‘nano’ to the ‘macro’ levels of hierarchical organization. Since collagen is the major structural protein in the eye, providing mechanical strength and controlling ocular shape, the methods presented focus on understanding the molecular assembly of collagen at the nanometer level using x-ray scattering through to the millimeter to centimeter level using nonlinear optical (NLO) imaging of second harmonic generated (SHG) signals. Three-dimensional analysis of ECM structure is also discussed, including electron tomography, serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) and digital image reconstruction. Techniques to detect non-collagenous structural components of the ECM are also presented, and these include immunoelectron microscopy and staining with cationic dyes. Together, these various approaches are providing new insights into the structural blueprint of the ocular ECM, and in particular that of the cornea, which impacts upon our current understanding of the control of corneal shape, pathogenic mechanisms underlying ectatic disorders of the cornea and the potential for corneal tissue engineering.
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