TRF1 and TRF2 use different mechanisms to find telomeric DNA but share a novel mechanism to search for protein partners at telomeres.

TRF1 and TRF2 use different mechanisms to find telomeric DNA but share a novel mechanism to search for protein partners at telomeres.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkt1132
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发表时间:
2014-02
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Wang H
Wang H
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lin J;Countryman P;Buncher N;Kaur P;E L;Zhang Y;Gibson G;You C;Watkins SC;Piehler J;Opresko PL;Kad NM;Wang H

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人类端粒由shelterin蛋白复合物维持,其中TRF 1和TRF 2直接与双链端粒DNA结合。这些蛋白质如何在数十亿碱基对的基因组中找到端粒序列,以及它们如何找到蛋白质伴侣形成shelterin复合物仍然不确定。利用量子点标记的TRF 1和TRF 2的单分子荧光成像,我们研究了这些蛋白质如何在DNA tightropes上定位TTAGGG重复。由于其基本结构域,TRF 2在非端粒DNA上进行广泛的一维搜索,而TRF 1的一维搜索是有限的。与在特异性结合位点处观察到的其他蛋白质的稳定和静态缔合不同,TRF蛋白具有降低的结合稳定性,其特征在于在特异性端粒区域上的瞬时结合(0.99 -17 s)和缓慢的1D扩散。这些缓慢的扩散常数产生的活化能势垒比非端粒DNA的大2.8-3.6 κBT。我们建议TRF蛋白使用一维滑动来寻找蛋白质伴侣并组装shelterin复合物,这反过来又稳定了与特定端粒DNA的相互作用。这种“标签团队校对”代表了一种更普遍的机制,以确保一组特定的蛋白质在长的重复特定DNA序列上相互作用,而不需要外部能源。
Human telomeres are maintained by the shelterin protein complex in which TRF1 and TRF2 bind directly to duplex telomeric DNA. How these proteins find telomeric sequences among a genome of billions of base pairs and how they find protein partners to form the shelterin complex remains uncertain. Using single-molecule fluorescence imaging of quantum dot-labeled TRF1 and TRF2, we study how these proteins locate TTAGGG repeats on DNA tightropes. By virtue of its basic domain TRF2 performs an extensive 1D search on nontelomeric DNA, whereas TRF1’s 1D search is limited. Unlike the stable and static associations observed for other proteins at specific binding sites, TRF proteins possess reduced binding stability marked by transient binding (∼9–17 s) and slow 1D diffusion on specific telomeric regions. These slow diffusion constants yield activation energy barriers to sliding ∼2.8–3.6 κBT greater than those for nontelomeric DNA. We propose that the TRF proteins use 1D sliding to find protein partners and assemble the shelterin complex, which in turn stabilizes the interaction with specific telomeric DNA. This ‘tag-team proofreading’ represents a more general mechanism to ensure a specific set of proteins interact with each other on long repetitive specific DNA sequences without requiring external energy sources.
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