Biomass fuel use and indoor air pollution in homes in Malawi.
Biomass fuel use and indoor air pollution in homes in Malawi.
复制标题
马拉维房屋中的生物质燃料使用和室内空气污染。
DOI：
10.1136/oem.2008.045013
复制
发表时间：
2009-11
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Gordon, S. B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fullerton, D. G.;Semple, S.;Kalambo, F.;Suseno, A.;Malamba, R.;Henderson, G.;Ayres, J. G.;Gordon, S. B.
在非洲，生物量燃料造成的空气污染是成人和儿童死亡和发病的一个重要原因。这项工作描述了马拉维家庭中生物质燃料烟雾暴露的性质和数量。在62个家庭（31个农村和31个城市）在一个典型的24小时内测量室内空气质量的标志。使用了四种不同的装置（一种重量测定装置、两种光度测定装置和一氧化碳（流浪汉）监测器）。对重量分析样品进行了过渡金属含量分析。通过问卷调查收集了关于烹饪和照明燃料类型的数据以及关于社会经济状况指标的信息。城市和农村环境中的可吸入粉尘水平都很高，平均（SD）24小时平均水平为226微克/立方米（206微克/立方米）。来自实时仪器的数据显示，在52%的农村家庭和17%的城市家庭中，每天超过1小时的可吸入粉尘浓度>250微克/立方米。城市家庭的平均一氧化碳水平明显高于农村家庭（6.14 ppm vs 1.87 ppm; p<0.001）。烟雾中的过渡金属含量较低，城市和农村家庭之间没有显着差异。马拉维家庭的室内空气污染水平很高。进一步的调查是合理的，因为我们已经证明的水平是危险的，很可能损害健康。应设法采取干预措施，减少接触对健康危害较小的浓度。
Air pollution from biomass fuels in Africa is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity both in adults and children. The work describes the nature and quantity of smoke exposure from biomass fuel in Malawian homes. Markers of indoor air quality were measured in 62 homes (31 rural and 31 urban) over a typical 24 h period. Four different devices were used (one gravimetric device, two photometric devices and a carbon monoxide (HOBO) monitor. Gravimetric samples were analysed for transition metal content. Data on cooking and lighting fuel type together with information on indicators of socioeconomic status were collected by questionnaire. Respirable dust levels in both the urban and rural environment were high with the mean (SD) 24 h average levels being 226 μg/m3 (206 μg/m3). Data from real-time instruments indicated respirable dust concentrations were >250 μg/m3 for >1 h per day in 52% of rural homes and 17% of urban homes. Average carbon monoxide levels were significantly higher in urban compared with rural homes (6.14 ppm vs 1.87 ppm; p<0.001). The transition metal content of the smoke was low, with no significant difference found between urban and rural homes. Indoor air pollution levels in Malawian homes are high. Further investigation is justified because the levels that we have demonstrated are hazardous and are likely to be damaging to health. Interventions should be sought to reduce exposure to concentrations less harmful to health.
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DOI：
10.2471/blt.07.044529
发表时间：
2008-05-01
期刊：
Bulletin of the World Health Organization: International Journal of Public Health
影响因子：
--
作者：
Dherani, Mukesh;Pope, Daniel;Bruce, Nigel
通讯作者：
Bruce, Nigel
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Ellegard, A
通讯作者：
Ellegard, A
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
Lopez, Alan D.;Mathers, Colin D.;Murray, Christopher J. L.
通讯作者：
Murray, Christopher J. L.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Ayres, J. G.;Semple, S.;Petticrew, M.
通讯作者：
Petticrew, M.
DOI：
10.1080/104732299302530
发表时间：
1999-08-01
期刊：
Applied occupational and environmental hygiene
影响因子：
--
作者：
Cherrie, J W
通讯作者：
Cherrie, J W