The Babylonian Theodicy: An Ancient Babylonian Discourse on Human Piety and Divine Justice
The Babylonian Theodicy: An Ancient Babylonian Discourse on Human Piety and Divine Justice
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巴比伦神义论：古代巴比伦关于人类虔诚和神圣正义的论述
DOI：
10.1111/rec3.12188
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
T. Oshima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Oshima
古巴比伦诗歌以其现代标题“巴比伦神正论”而闻名，是以两个男人之间的对话形式写的。他们就崇拜神灵的意义和好处交换了意见。虽然诗中没有明确他们的身份，但从内容上看，主人公似乎是以古代文士或寺庙学者为原型的。他们很可能也是这首诗的听众。第一个主人公，习惯上被称为“受苦者”，反复哀叹他对神的奉献没有得到回报，他的困境不值得。显然，他的世界观是由传统的美索不达米亚信仰塑造的：各种苏美罗-巴比伦教义文本教导说，通过祈祷、礼物、奠祭和供奉来表现虔诚，众神将奖励人们健康和财富。这些古老的戒律也警告人们忽视宗教义务可能会受到神的惩罚。巴比伦神义论的受害者把他的困境和不信神的人的丰富作为虔诚的无意义的证明。另一方面，第二个主角，显然是一个比受害者更年长、更有学问的人，主张崇拜神灵。他断言，与野生动物不同，人类有能力承认神圣，并通过仪式，可以洞察神圣的智慧，无论神的决定看起来多么不可理解。他还教导说，一个人的虔诚的真正回报不是财富，而是神圣的恩典。从受害者最终接受了朋友的立场来看，很可能与之前学者们所认为的不同，它的作者实际上将自己与第二个主角，即朋友认同。
The ancient Babylonian poem known by its modern title ‘Babylonian Theodicy’ is written in a dialogue form between two men. They exchange views on the meaning of worship of the gods and its benefit. Although the poem does not specify their identities, judging from the contents, it seems that the protagonists are based on ancient scribes or temple scholars. It is very likely that they were also the intended audience of this poem. The first protagonist, customarily called ‘the sufferer’, repeatedly bewails his unrewarded devotion to the gods and unmerited plight. Apparently, his worldview was moulded by the traditional Mesopotamian belief: various Sumero‐Babylonian didactic texts teach that, for demonstrating piety by means of prayers, gifts, libation and offerings, the gods will reward people with health and wealth. These ancient precepts also warn people of possible divine punishments for neglecting cultic obligations. The sufferer of theBabylonia Theodicypresents his plight and the richness of the godless as the proof of the senselessness of piety. On the other hand, the second protagonist, apparently an older and more learned man than the sufferer, advocates worship of the gods. He asserts that, unlike wild animals, humankind is capable of acknowledging the divine and, through rituals, can gain insights into the divine wisdom, no matter how incomprehensible the gods' decisions might seem. He also teaches that the true reward for one's piety is not wealth but divine grace. Judging from the fact that the sufferer eventually accepts the friend's position, it is very likely that, unlike previously suggested by various scholars, its author actually identified himself with the second protagonist, the friend.
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DOI：
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DOI：
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