Contrasting controls on Congo Basin evaporation at the two rainfall peaks

Contrasting controls on Congo Basin evaporation at the two rainfall peaks
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刚果盆地两个降雨高峰蒸发量的对比控制

DOI:
10.1007/s00382-020-05547-1
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Crowhurst D
Crowhurst D
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Crowhurst D

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蒸发是刚果盆地气候的一个重要驱动因素,但控制盆地蒸发季节性的动力学尚不清楚。这项研究的目的是发现为什么全流域平均蒸发量在11月的降雨高峰低于3月的降雨高峰,尽管类似的降雨。使用16年的平均LandFlux-EVAL数据,我们发现,蒸发量低于11月比3月在热带雨林和东部萨凡纳草原。ERA 5-Land再分析有效地再现了这种模式,表明蒸腾作用是这些地区蒸发量较低的主要原因。使用ERA 5-土地,我们发现以下对比控制蒸腾,因此蒸发,在两个降雨高峰:(a)在北方雨林,有较低的叶面积指数(LAI)在11月,由较低的表面向下短波辐射(DSR),和较低的蒸汽压赤字(VPD)在11月,由较低的感热通量,结果较低的净辐射驱动。低LAI和VPD的组合解释了低蒸腾,因此较低的蒸发,在11月。(b)在南部的雨林,在东北部的稀树草原,有较低的LAI在11月,较低的表面DSR驱动,这解释了较低的蒸腾,因此较低的蒸发,在11月。(c)在东南部萨凡纳,有较低的LAI在11月,较低的体积含水量(VWC)的驱动下,这解释了较低的蒸腾,因此较低的蒸发,在11月。总的来说,这两个降雨高峰的对比控制解释了为什么11月全流域的平均蒸发量低于3月。
Evaporation is a crucial driver of Congo Basin climate, but the dynamics controlling the seasonality of basin evaporation are not well understood. This study aims to discover why evaporation on the basin-wide average is lower at the November rainfall peak than the March rainfall peak, despite similar rainfall. Using 16-year mean LandFlux-EVAL data, we find that evaporation is lower in November than March in the rainforest and the eastern savannah. The ERA5-Land reanalysis, which effectively reproduces this pattern, shows that transpiration is the main component responsible for lower evaporation in these regions. Using ERA5-Land, we find the following contrasting controls on transpiration, and therefore evaporation, at the two rainfall peaks: (a) In the northern rainforest, there is lower leaf area index (LAI) in November, driven by lower surface downward shortwave radiation (DSR), and lower vapour pressure deficit (VPD) in November, driven by lower sensible heat flux that results from lower net radiation. The combination of lower LAI and VPD explains lower transpiration, and therefore lower evaporation, in November. (b) In the southern rainforest, and in the north-eastern savannah, there is lower LAI in November, driven by lower surface DSR, and this explains lower transpiration, and therefore lower evaporation, in November. (c) In the south-eastern savannah, there is lower LAI in November, driven by lower volumetric water content (VWC), and this explains lower transpiration, and therefore lower evaporation, in November. Collectively, these contrasting controls at the two rainfall peaks explain why the basin-wide average evaporation is lower in November than March.
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