Identifying the social context of single- and mixed-species group formation in large African herbivores

Identifying the social context of single- and mixed-species group formation in large African herbivores
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确定大型非洲食草动物单一和混合物种群体形成的社会背景

DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2022.0105
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Beaudrot, L.
Beaudrot, L.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Saltz, J. B.;Palmer, M. S.;Beaudrot, L.

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尽管对混合物种群体持续感兴趣,但我们仍然对生态和社会过程如何跨尺度影响群体形成缺乏统一的理解。最近的研究揭示了混合物种群体形成的生态相关性,但伴随的社会动态产生这些模式的机制(如果有的话)尚不清楚。在这里,我们使用塞伦盖蒂国家公园六种哺乳动物食草动物的相机陷阱数据。在之前的工作基础上,我们发现生态变量,尤其是饲料质量,影响小时空尺度(即几米和几小时的尺度)内物种重叠的机会。迁徙物种(瞪羚、角马和斑马)更有可能在草料质量较高的地点拥有异种伴侣,但留鸟物种(水牛、狷羚和托皮)的情况恰恰相反。这些发现阐明了混合物种群体形成的可能条件。接下来,我们发现,更大的异种特异性可用性与瞪羚、狷羚、角马和斑马混合物种群体形成的可能性增加有关,但生态变量并没有进一步塑造这些模式。总体而言,我们的结果与群体形成的生态和社会驱动因素是特定于物种的,并在不同的时空尺度上运作的模型是一致的。本文是主题“混合物种群体和聚集:塑造生态和行为模式和过程”的一部分。
Despite continued interest in mixed-species groups, we still lack a unified understanding of how ecological and social processes work across scales to influence group formation. Recent work has revealed ecological correlates of mixed-species group formation, but the mechanisms by which concomitant social dynamics produce these patterns, if at all, is unknown. Here, we use camera trap data for six mammalian grazer species in Serengeti National Park. Building on previous work, we found that ecological variables, and especially forage quality, influenced the chances of species overlap over small spatio-temporal scales (i.e. on the scales of several metres and hours). Migratory species (gazelle, wildebeest and zebra) were more likely to have heterospecific partners available in sites with higher forage quality, but the opposite was true for resident species (buffalo, hartebeest and topi). These findings illuminate the circumstances under which mixed-species group formation is even possible. Next, we found that greater heterospecific availability was associated with an increased probability of mixed-species group formation in gazelle, hartebeest, wildebeest and zebra, but ecological variables did not further shape these patterns. Overall, our results are consistent with a model whereby ecological and social drivers of group formation are species-specific and operate on different spatio-temporal scales.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes’.
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