Us, them, and the others: Testing for discrimination amongst outgroups in a single-piece nesting termite, Zootermopsis angusticollis.
Us, them, and the others: Testing for discrimination amongst outgroups in a single-piece nesting termite, Zootermopsis angusticollis.
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DOI：
10.1002/ece3.9901
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发表时间：
2023-03
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Thompson, Faye J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Padget, Rebecca F. B.;Cant, Michael A.;Thompson, Faye J.
对群体成员的识别是社会有机体中一种重要的适应，因为它允许帮助指向可能回报的亲属或个体，而伤害指向竞争群体的成员。大量动物的研究表明，对外群体的反应会随着环境的变化而变化，这表明对群体成员身份的暗示也取决于社会或环境背景。在白蚁中，群体间的遭遇是频繁的，其结果是高度可变的，从破坏一个殖民地到殖民地融合。除了遗传因素外，群居昆虫的巢友识别通常依赖于由食物源等环境因素介导的线索。然而，单片筑巢白蚁菌落与竞争菌落共享筑巢材料和食物来源（它们的木材基质充当两者）。原则上，单片筑巢白蚁群体的共享环境可能会限制它们识别非巢友的能力，导致遭遇中出现的一些变化，但这尚未被研究。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个单片筑巢白蚁，Zootermopsis angusticollis，在两种不同的木材类型的初期殖民地，并进行了行为测定，以测试是否可以通过共同的环境条件限制巢的歧视。我们发现，与巢友相比，非巢友引起了更高的身份检查和防御行为，但木材类型对非巢友的行为反应强度没有影响。我们还发现，一个关键的合作行为（allogrooming）对巢友和非巢友的表现是一样的。这些研究结果提供了没有支持的假设，共同的木材类型限制了单件筑巢白蚁的巢友识别系统。我们认为，在一个共同的环境中，群体经常遇到对方，选择将有利于歧视的基础上遗传和/或更高分辨率的环境介导的线索。群体成员识别在社会进化中至关重要，而群体身份的线索往往来自环境。在单件筑巢的白蚁物种中，竞争的菌落生活在同一根原木上并以其为食，这可能会限制巢友识别。我们通过实验引入在相同或不同木材基质上饲养的非巢入侵者来测试这一点，发现非巢入侵者不会根据木材类型进行不同的处理。巢亲识别机制甚至可以在共同的环境中运作，并且与环境线索的联系比以前认识到的要细得多。
Recognition of group members is an important adaptation in social organisms because it allows help to be directed toward kin or individuals that are likely to reciprocate, and harm to be directed toward members of competing groups. Evidence in a wide range of animals shows that responses to outgroups vary with context, suggesting that cues to group membership also depend on the social or environmental context. In termites, intergroup encounters are frequent and their outcomes highly variable, ranging from destruction of a colony to colony fusion. As well as genetic factors, nestmate recognition in social insects commonly relies on cues that are mediated by environmental factors such as food source. However, single‐piece nesting termite colonies share nesting material and food source with rival colonies (their wood substrate serves as both). In principle, the shared environment of single‐piece nesting termite colonies could constrain their ability to identify non‐nestmates, contributing to some of the variation seen in encounters, but this has not been investigated. In this study, we raised incipient colonies of a single‐piece nesting termite, Zootermopsis angusticollis, on two different wood types and conducted behavioral assays to test whether nestmate discrimination can be constrained by common environmental conditions. We found that non‐nestmates elicited higher rates of identity checking and defense behavior compared to nestmates, but there was no effect of wood type on the strength of behavioral responses to non‐nestmates. We also found that one key cooperative behavior (allogrooming) was performed equally toward both nestmates and non‐nestmates. These findings offer no support for the hypothesis that common wood type constrains the nestmate recognition system of single piece nesting termites. We suggest that where groups encounter each other frequently in a common environment, selection will favor discrimination based on genetic and/or higher resolution environmentally mediated cues. Group member recognition is crucial in social evolution and cues to group identity are often derived from the environment. In single‐piece nesting termite species competing colonies live in and feed on the same log, which could potentially constrain nestmate recognition. We tested this by experimentally introducing non‐nestmate intruders raised on either the same or a different wood substrate and found non‐nestmates were not treated differently based on wood type. Nestmate discrimination mechanisms can operate even in a common environment and appear linked to environmental cues on a much finer scale than previously recognized.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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