A burst of ABC genes in the genome of the polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae.
A burst of ABC genes in the genome of the polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-14-317
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发表时间：
2013-05-10
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Van Leeuwen T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dermauw W;Osborne EJ;Clark RM;Grbić M;Tirry L;Van Leeuwen T
ABC（ATP结合盒）基因超家族广泛存在于所有生物物种中。大多数ABC基因编码ABC转运蛋白，其是能够通过水解ATP跨生物膜转移底物的跨膜蛋白。虽然ABC转运蛋白通常与药物和有毒化合物的抗性有关，但在节肢动物中，ABC基因家族仅在几种昆虫和甲壳类动物中详细描述。在这项研究中，我们报告了一个全基因组调查和ABC基因超家族的蜘蛛螨，二斑叶螨，螯形动物~ 4.5亿年从其他节肢动物谱系分歧的表达分析。T.荨麻疹是一种主要的农业害虫，并且是已知的最多食性的节肢动物食草动物之一。该物种抵抗一系列惊人的有毒植物次生代谢产物，并对用于控制其的所有主要类别的农药产生了抗性。我们在T. urticae基因组，迄今为止在后生动物物种中发现的最高数量。在T.在荨麻疹ABC基因组中，检测到目前描述的八个亚家族（A至H）的所有成员。系统发育分析表明，T.荨麻疹的发病主要是由于ABCC、ABCG和ABCH亚家族内ABC基因的谱系特异性扩增。特别是，ABCC亚家族具有最高数量的T。荨麻疹ABC基因（39）。在比较基因组分析中，我们发现T.荨麻疹ABC蛋白和已知参与基本细胞过程的脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中的ABC蛋白。这些包括ABCB-半转运蛋白，ABCD，ABCE和ABCF家族的成员。此外，T. urticae蛋白和人ABCC 10、ABCG 5和ABCG 8，果蝇磺酰脲受体和蜕皮激素调节的转运蛋白E23。最后，表达谱分析显示，在ABCC，ABCG ABCH亚家族的ABC基因的差异表达在多农药抗性螨株和/或螨转移到挑战（有毒）宿主植物。在这项研究中，我们提出了第一个全面的分析ABC基因在一个多食性节肢动物草食动物。我们证明，广泛的植物寄主范围和高水平的农药抗性在T。荨麻疹与ABC基因的谱系特异性扩增有关，其中许多基因对外源性暴露有转录反应。该ABC目录将作为未来生物化学和毒理学研究的基础。获得这些ABC亚家族有助于异生物质耐受性的功能证据应该是未来研究的优先事项。
The ABC (ATP-binding cassette) gene superfamily is widespread across all living species. The majority of ABC genes encode ABC transporters, which are membrane-spanning proteins capable of transferring substrates across biological membranes by hydrolyzing ATP. Although ABC transporters have often been associated with resistance to drugs and toxic compounds, within the Arthropoda ABC gene families have only been characterized in detail in several insects and a crustacean. In this study, we report a genome-wide survey and expression analysis of the ABC gene superfamily in the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, a chelicerate ~ 450 million years diverged from other Arthropod lineages. T. urticae is a major agricultural pest, and is among of the most polyphagous arthropod herbivores known. The species resists a staggering array of toxic plant secondary metabolites, and has developed resistance to all major classes of pesticides in use for its control. We identified 103 ABC genes in the T. urticae genome, the highest number discovered in a metazoan species to date. Within the T. urticae ABC gene set, all members of the eight currently described subfamilies (A to H) were detected. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the high number of ABC genes in T. urticae is due primarily to lineage-specific expansions of ABC genes within the ABCC, ABCG and ABCH subfamilies. In particular, the ABCC subfamily harbors the highest number of T. urticae ABC genes (39). In a comparative genomic analysis, we found clear orthologous relationships between a subset of T. urticae ABC proteins and ABC proteins in both vertebrates and invertebrates known to be involved in fundamental cellular processes. These included members of the ABCB-half transporters, and the ABCD, ABCE and ABCF families. Furthermore, one-to-one orthologues could be distinguished between T. urticae proteins and human ABCC10, ABCG5 and ABCG8, the Drosophila melanogaster sulfonylurea receptor and ecdysone-regulated transporter E23. Finally, expression profiling revealed that ABC genes in the ABCC, ABCG ABCH subfamilies were differentially expressed in multi-pesticide resistant mite strains and/or in mites transferred to challenging (toxic) host plants. In this study we present the first comprehensive analysis of ABC genes in a polyphagous arthropod herbivore. We demonstrate that the broad plant host range and high levels of pesticide resistance in T. urticae are associated with lineage-specific expansions of ABC genes, many of which respond transcriptionally to xenobiotic exposure. This ABC catalogue will serve as a basis for future biochemical and toxicological studies. Obtaining functional evidence that these ABC subfamilies contribute to xenobiotic tolerance should be the priority of future research.
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