Functional significance of genetic variation underlying limb bone diaphyseal structure.
Functional significance of genetic variation underlying limb bone diaphyseal structure.
复制标题
四肢骨干结构遗传变异的功能意义。
DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.21286
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Demes,Brigitte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wallace,IanJ;Middleton,KevinM;Lublinsky,Svetlana;Kelly,ScottA;Judex,Stefan;GarlandJr,Theodore;Demes,Brigitte
四肢骨骨干结构经常被用来从骨骼残骸中推断人的活动水平，这是一种基于骨骼在生命中调整其负荷环境的能力的方法。然而，骨干结构也在一定程度上由遗传因素决定。这项研究探讨了骨干结构下的遗传变异可能受到祖先种群活动水平的影响，并可能在进化背景下具有功能意义。我们采用了实验进化的方法，测试了1周龄小鼠股骨骨干结构的差异，这些结构来自人工选择的一个品系(45代)，用于高自愿车轮运行和非选择的对照。成年后，选定的小鼠在轮子上和家中的笼子里明显更活跃，骨干更厚。1周时的结构差异可以被认为主要反映了选择性繁殖的影响，而不是直接的机械刺激，因为小鼠的活动开始是在第7天之后。我们假设，如果遗传决定的骨干结构反映了谱系成员的活动模式，那么选定的动物在1周时与对照组相比将具有相对更大的骨干尺寸。这些结果为这一假说提供了强有力的支持，并表明四肢骨骼横截面可能不仅反映了特定化石个体的活动水平，而且还传达了一种进化信号，提供了关于古人类活动的信息。Am J Phys Anthropol143：21-30,2010。©2010 Wiley-Liss公司。
Limb bone diaphyseal structure is frequently used to infer hominin activity levels from skeletal remains, an approach based on the well‐documented ability of bone to adjust to its loading environment during life. However, diaphyseal structure is also determined in part by genetic factors. This study investigates the possibility that genetic variation underlying diaphyseal structure is influenced by the activity levels of ancestral populations and might also have functional significance in an evolutionary context. We adopted an experimental evolution approach and tested for differences in femoral diaphyseal structure in 1‐week‐old mice from a line that had been artificially selected (45 generations) for high voluntary wheel running and non‐selected controls. As adults, selected mice are significantly more active on wheels and in home cages, and have thicker diaphyses. Structural differences at 1 week can be assumed to primarily reflect the effects of selective breeding rather than direct mechanical stimuli, given that the onset of locomotion in mice is shortly after Day 7. We hypothesized that if genetically determined diaphyseal structure reflects the activity patterns of members of a lineage, then selected animals will have relatively larger diaphyseal dimensions at 1 week compared to controls. The results provide strong support for this hypothesis and suggest that limb bone cross sections may not always only reflect the activity levels of particular fossil individuals, but also convey an evolutionary signal providing information about hominin activity in the past. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:21–30, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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