Interstimulus interval as a discriminative stimulus: evidence of the generality of a novel asymmetry in temporal discrimination learning.
Interstimulus interval as a discriminative stimulus: evidence of the generality of a novel asymmetry in temporal discrimination learning.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.beproc.2010.01.002
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发表时间：
2010-05
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Bouton, Mark E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Todd, Travis P.;Winterbauer, Neil E.;Bouton, Mark E.
三个食欲条件反射实验，大鼠研究巴甫洛夫条件反射试验中的时间辨别学习。在所有的实验中，持续时间的功能白噪声刺激信号是否随后的10秒的目标音调将得到加强。在实验1中，特征持续时间为4分钟和1分钟。对于一组大鼠（4+/1-组），4分钟的噪音表示音调将得到加强，1分钟的噪音表示音调不会得到加强。第二组（1+/4-组）接受反向应急训练。结果表明，时间辨别学习存在明显的不对称性：接受4+/1−（长+/短−）训练的大鼠很容易学会辨别（在强化试验中比在非强化试验中对音调的反应更多），而接受1+/4−（短+/长）训练的大鼠则没有。在实验2中，特征持续时间缩短到60和15秒。由于15-s特征的强烈兴奋性条件反射，观察到反向不对称性，短+/长-辨别比长+/短-辨别更容易学习。然而，实验3表明，原来的长+/短-的优势，可以恢复，而使用60-和15-s的功能持续时间，如果兴奋性条件反射的功能，包括非强化功能试验减少。研究结果支持了先前的研究，涉及的时间间隔的时间，并与时间元素假设，认为时间的推移是编码为一系列假设的刺激元素是一致的。
Three appetitive conditioning experiments with rats examined temporal discrimination learning within Pavlovian conditioning trials. In all experiments, the duration of a feature white-noise stimulus signaled whether or not a subsequent 10-s target tone would be reinforced. In Experiment 1, the feature durations were 4 and 1 min. For one group of rats (Group 4+/1−), 4 minutes of noise signaled that the tone would be reinforced and 1 minute of noise signaled that the tone would not be reinforced. A second group (Group 1+/4−) was trained with the reverse contingency. The results showed a clear asymmetry in temporal discrimination learning: Rats trained with 4+/1− (Long+/Short−) learned the discrimination readily (responding more in the tone on reinforced than on nonreinforced trials), whereas rats trained with 1+/4− (Short+/Long) did not. In Experiment 2, the feature durations were shortened to 60 and 15 s. Due to strong excitatory conditioning of the 15-s feature, the reverse asymmetry was observed, with the Short+/Long− discrimination learned more readily than the Long+/Short− discrimination. However, Experiment 3 demonstrated that the original Long+/Short− advantage could be recovered while using 60− and 15-s feature durations if the excitatory conditioning of the feature was reduced by including nonreinforced feature trials. The results support previous research involving the timing of intertrial intervals and are consistent with the temporal elements hypothesis which holds that the passage of time is encoded as a series of hypothetical stimulus elements.
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DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.21.2.143
发表时间：
1995-04-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
DARBY, RJ;PEARCE, JM
通讯作者：
PEARCE, JM
DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.34.2.237
发表时间：
2008-04-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIORAL PROCESSES
影响因子：
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作者：
Williams, Douglas A.;Johns, Kenneth W.;Brindas, Mirna
通讯作者：
Brindas, Mirna
DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.34.1.94
发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIORAL PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Williams, Douglas A.;Lawson, Carla;Mather, Amber A.
通讯作者：
Mather, Amber A.
DOI：
10.3758/bf03200248
发表时间：
2000-05-01
期刊：
ANIMAL LEARNING & BEHAVIOR
影响因子：
--
作者：
Holland, PC
通讯作者：
Holland, PC
DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.25.4.433
发表时间：
1999-10-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Lattal, KM
通讯作者：
Lattal, KM