Weathering the storm: Improving the availability and stability of artificial shelters for hellbender salamanders
Weathering the storm: Improving the availability and stability of artificial shelters for hellbender salamanders
复制标题
经受住风暴:提高地狱蝾螈人工庇护所的可用性和稳定性
DOI:
10.1002/rra.3722
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Hopkins, William A.
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Button, Sky T.;Hallagan, John J.;Bodinof Jachowski, Catherine M.;Case, Brian F.;Groffen, Jordy;Hopkins, William A.
Artificial shelters show considerable promise as tools for studying imperiled hellbender salamanders. Their full utility has not yet been fully reached in practice, however, because during initial trials shelters often became blocked by sediment or dislodged during high stream discharge events. To determine whether these challenges could be overcome, we deployed 438 artificial shelters of two different designs across 10 stream reaches and three rivers in the upper Tennessee River Drainage in 2013–2018. We recorded shelter entrance availability during surveys, and recorded which shelters became dislodged following high discharge events. We evaluated two hypotheses: (a) shelter availability was driven by shelter placement and maintenance frequency and (b) shelter stability was driven by shelter design and shelter placement. Shelters were available 78.6% of the time on average (range = 0–100%), and 88.6% (388 of 438) of shelters were stable across all high discharge events. Shelter availability was maximized by clearing sediment from shelter entrances at least once every 40 days (more often in impaired reaches with high siltation) and after large storm events, situating the shelter within 1 m of ≥5 boulders, and orienting shelters such that their entrances do not face directly downstream. Shelter stability with our initial shelter design was 77.5% (169 of 218), but approached 100% (219 of 220) for heavier (~40 kg vs. ~25 kg) shelters with recessed lids, and in reaches with abundant large boulders. Our findings demonstrate that with an improved design and careful placement, artificial shelters can serve as valuable tools for monitoring hellbenders in reaches with modest siltation.
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影响因子:
4.6
作者:
Kriger, Kerry M.;Hero, Jean-Marc
通讯作者:
Hero, Jean-Marc
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1976
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
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通讯作者:
D. Beffa
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
Catherine M. Bodinof Jachowski;J. Millspaugh;W. Hopkins
通讯作者:
W. Hopkins
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
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作者:
Arianne F. Messerman
通讯作者:
Arianne F. Messerman
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
C. Jachowski;Beth E. Ross;W. Hopkins
通讯作者:
W. Hopkins