Causes and consequences of psychological distress among orphans in eastern Zimbabwe.
Causes and consequences of psychological distress among orphans in eastern Zimbabwe.
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DOI：
10.1080/09540121003615061
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发表时间：
2010-08
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Jukes MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nyamukapa CA;Gregson S;Wambe M;Mushore P;Lopman B;Mupambireyi Z;Nhongo K;Jukes MC
投入大量资源，为因艾滋病毒/艾滋病而成为孤儿或易受伤害的儿童提供心理支助。然而，仍然只有有限的科学证据表明孤儿的心理痛苦更大，而目前支持战略的有效性的证据更少。此外，针对残疾可能导致更大心理痛苦的既定机制的方案应更有效。我们使用定量和定性的数据从津巴布韦东部来衡量的影响，心理困扰和测试机制更大的困扰之间的孤儿建议在最近发表的理论框架。孤儿比非孤儿遭受更大的心理困扰（性别和年龄调整系数：0.15; 95%CI 0.03-0.26; P = 0.013）。造成她们更大痛苦程度的残疾影响包括创伤、失学、由非父母照料、照料不足、童工、身体虐待以及耻辱和歧视。在这项研究中，流动性增加和与兄弟姐妹分离并没有导致更大的心理困扰。在抽样调查中，40%以上的孤儿生活在接受外部援助的家庭中。然而，接受援助与心理痛苦的减少无关。这些调查结果以及儿童和照顾者在焦点小组讨论中提出的想法表明，旨在改善照顾者选择、增加对照顾者的支持以及提供育儿责任和技能培训的社区方案可能有助于减少心理困扰。这些方案应得到进一步努力的支持，以减少贫穷、提高入学率和支助失学青年。
Substantial resources are invested in psychological support for children orphaned or otherwise made vulnerable in the context of HIV/AIDS (OVC). However, there is still only limited scientific evidence for greater psychological distress amongst orphans and even less evidence for the effectiveness of current support strategies. Furthermore, programmes that address established mechanisms through which orphanhood can lead to greater psychological distress should be more effective. We use quantitative and qualitative data from Eastern Zimbabwe to measure the effects of orphanhood on psychological distress and to test mechanisms for greater distress amongst orphans suggested in a recently published theoretical framework. Orphans were found to suffer greater psychological distress than non-orphans (sex- and age-adjusted co-efficient: 0.15; 95% CI 0.03–0.26; P = 0.013). Effects of orphanhood contributing to their increased levels of distress included trauma, being out-of-school, being cared for by a non-parent, inadequate care, child labour, physical abuse, and stigma and discrimination. Increased mobility and separation from siblings did not contribute to greater psychological distress in this study. Over 40% of orphaned children in the sample lived in households receiving external assistance. However, receipt of assistance was not associated with reduced psychological distress. These findings and the ideas put forward by children and caregivers in the focus group discussions suggest that community-based programmes that aim to improve caregiver selection, increase support for caregivers, and provide training in parenting responsibilities and skills might help to reduce psychological distress. These programmes should be under-pinned by further efforts to reduce poverty, increase school attendance and support out-of-school youth.
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影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Nyamukapa, Constance A.;Gregson, Simon;Jukes, Matthew C. H.
通讯作者：
Jukes, Matthew C. H.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Atwine, B;Cantor-Graae, E;Bajunirwe, F
通讯作者：
Bajunirwe, F
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Watts, H;Lopman, B;Gregson, S
通讯作者：
Gregson, S
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Makame, V;Ani, C;Grantham-McGregor, S
通讯作者：
Grantham-McGregor, S
DOI：
10.1080/09540120701534715
发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Kang, M.;Dunbar, M.;Padian, N.
通讯作者：
Padian, N.