Genetic structure of wild bonobo populations: diversity of mitochondrial DNA and geographical distribution.
Genetic structure of wild bonobo populations: diversity of mitochondrial DNA and geographical distribution.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0059660
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Furuichi T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawamoto Y;Takemoto H;Higuchi S;Sakamaki T;Hart JA;Hart TB;Tokuyama N;Reinartz GE;Guislain P;Dupain J;Cobden AK;Mulavwa MN;Yangozene K;Darroze S;Devos C;Furuichi T
倭黑猩猩（Pan paniscus）居住在刚果河以南地区，包括其南部支流之间的所有地区。为了研究倭黑猩猩种群之间的遗传多样性和进化关系，我们对位于该物种活动范围东西边界的7个研究种群的376份粪便样本进行了线粒体DNA测序。在不同个体的136个有效样本（范围：7-37个/群体）中，我们区分了6个进化支（A1, A2, B1, B2， C， D）中的54个单倍型，其中包括一个新发现的进化支(D)。MtDNA单倍型呈区域性聚集；83%的单倍型具有地域特异性。单倍型在群体间的分布和群体内的遗传多样性表现出高度的地理格局。利用种群距离测量，将7个种群分为3个集群：东部、中部和西部队列。虽然需要进一步阐明地质背景的历史变化，但遗传多样性的地理格局似乎是由更新世时期的古环境变化形成的。目前的河流屏障似乎对种群间的基因流动影响不大，除了将TL2种群与其他种群分开的洛米河。中心群体保持了较高的遗传多样性，在中心群体的Wamba/Iyondji群体和东部群体的TL2群体中分别发现了两个独特的单倍型分支。这些知识可能有助于规划倭黑猩猩的保护。
Bonobos (Pan paniscus) inhabit regions south of the Congo River including all areas between its southerly tributaries. To investigate the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationship among bonobo populations, we sequenced mitochondrial DNA from 376 fecal samples collected in seven study populations located within the eastern and western limits of the species’ range. In 136 effective samples from different individuals (range: 7–37 per population), we distinguished 54 haplotypes in six clades (A1, A2, B1, B2, C, D), which included a newly identified clade (D). MtDNA haplotypes were regionally clustered; 83 percent of haplotypes were locality-specific. The distribution of haplotypes across populations and the genetic diversity within populations thus showed highly geographical patterns. Using population distance measures, seven populations were categorized in three clusters: the east, central, and west cohorts. Although further elucidation of historical changes in the geological setting is required, the geographical patterns of genetic diversity seem to be shaped by paleoenvironmental changes during the Pleistocene. The present day riverine barriers appeared to have a weak effect on gene flow among populations, except for the Lomami River, which separates the TL2 population from the others. The central cohort preserves a high genetic diversity, and two unique clades of haplotypes were found in the Wamba/Iyondji populations in the central cohort and in the TL2 population in the eastern cohort respectively. This knowledge may contribute to the planning of bonobo conservation.
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