From closed world discourse to digital utopianism: the changing face of responsible computing at Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (1981–1992)

From closed world discourse to digital utopianism: the changing face of responsible computing at Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (1981–1992)
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从封闭世界话语到数字乌托邦主义:社会责任计算机专业人员中负责任计算的变化(1981 年至 1992 年)

DOI:
10.1080/24701475.2020.1725851
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
1.3
通讯作者:
DuPont, Quinn
DuPont, Quinn
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Finn, Megan;DuPont, Quinn

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计算机专业人员社会责任组织(Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility,CPSR)成立于1981年,是一个关注核破坏的计算机科学家组织。早期的CPSR成员分析了军事规划文件,并对计算机如何在战斗中使用提出了技术批评,强调了计算技术的局限性。虽然早期CPSR的论点主要是技术性的,但作为负责任的专业人士,他们的做法是基于集体道德和质疑其职业经济自身利益的意愿。随着冷战在1989年解冻,CPSR遇到了一系列挑战,包括财务问题,领导层更替,以及信息技术不断变化和扩大的作用。CPSR从这场危机中脱颖而出,重新关注“公民自由”,这在很大程度上是由电子前沿基金会赞助的。虽然CPSR的公民自由倡导有时通过解决信息技术的局限性保留其早期的论点和实践,但他们也采用了硅谷“数字乌托邦”的新兴观点,倡导信息技术的发展。我们沿着沿着三个轴来描述这种看似矛盾的责任转变:使用立场认识论进行负责任的计算,从专业选择到游说的过渡,以及从实体主义到工具主义的过渡。在本文中,我们描绘了一个重要的集体责任计算的例子,通过跟踪CPSR的第一个十年的实践,技术和参数的演变,着眼于今天负责任的计算的挑战。
Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility (CPSR) began in 1981 as a group of computer scientists concerned about nuclear destruction. Early CPSR members analysed military planning documents and levelled technical critiques at how computers were to be used in battle, highlighting the limits of computing technologies. Although early CPSR arguments were primarily technical, as responsible professionals their practices were based on a collective morality and a willingness to question their profession’s economic self-interest. As the Cold War thawed in 1989, CPSR met a series of challenges, including financial issues, leadership turnover, and a changing and expanding role for information technology. CPSR emerged from this crisis with a renewed focus on “civil liberties” that was largely underwritten by the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Although CPSR’s civil liberties advocacy sometimes retained its early arguments and practices by addressing the limitations of information technologies, they also adopted the emerging views of Silicon Valley’s “digital utopianism,” advocating for the growth of information technology. We describe this seemingly contradictory shift in responsibility along three axes: the use of standpoint epistemology for responsible computing, a transition from professional choice to lobbying, and a transition from substantivism to instrumentalism. In this paper, we characterize an important instance of collective responsibility for computing by tracing the evolution of CPSR’s first decade of practices, techniques, and arguments with an eye towards the challenges of responsible computing today.
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DOI: --
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