Mechanical forces and lymphatic transport.
Mechanical forces and lymphatic transport.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mvr.2014.07.013
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发表时间：
2014-11
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Breslin, Jerome W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breslin, Jerome W.
关键词：
本文综述了目前对淋巴管网络如何在各种机械力的作用下优化淋巴流的理解。淋巴管组织为一个血管树，包括盲端初始淋巴管、前淋巴管、结前淋巴管、淋巴结、结后淋巴管和连接锁骨下静脉的大干（胸管和右淋巴管）。间质液形成淋巴在很大程度上依赖于振荡压力梯度来驱动液体进入初始淋巴管。集合淋巴管是带有单向阀的分段血管，每段称为淋巴管，具有内在的泵送机制。淋巴管推动淋巴液向前对抗静水压力梯度。液体通过淋巴结和较大的淋巴干回流到中央循环。讨论了最近的几个进展，包括：内皮细胞在淋巴形成中的积极作用的证据；流入压力、流出压力和剪切应力如何影响淋巴管泵功能的最新进展；淋巴阀门控机制；收集淋巴通透性；以及目前对淋巴内皮细胞和平滑肌分子机制的解释。提高对淋巴管感知机械刺激的生理机制的理解，整合信息并产生适当的反应是确定淋巴功能不全发病机制和开发淋巴水肿治疗方法的关键。
This review examines current understanding of how the lymphatic vessel network can optimize lymph flow in response to various mechanical forces. Lymphatics are organized as a vascular tree, with blind-ended initial lymphatics, precollectors, prenodal collecting lymphatics, lymph nodes, postnodal collecting lymphatics and the larger trunks (thoracic duct and right lymph duct) that connect to the subclavian veins. The formation of lymph from interstitial fluid depends heavily on oscillating pressure gradients to drive fluid into initial lymphatics. Collecting lymphatics are segmented vessels with unidirectional valves, with each segment, called a lymphangion, possessing an intrinsic pumping mechanism. The lymphangions propel lymph forward against a hydrostatic pressure gradient. Fluid is returned to the central circulation both at lymph nodes and via the larger lymphatic trunks. Several recent developments are discussed, including: evidence for the active role of endothelial cells in lymph formation; recent developments on how inflow pressure, outflow pressure, and shear stress affect pump function of the lymphangion; lymphatic valve gating mechanisms; collecting lymphatic permeability; and current interpretations of the molecular mechanisms within lymphatic endothelial cells and smooth muscle. Improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms by lymphatic vessels sense mechanical stimuli, integrate the information, and generate the appropriate response is key for determining the pathogenesis of lymphatic insufficiency and developing treatments for lymphedema.
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影响因子：
20.3
作者：
Corada, M;Liao, F;Dejana, E
通讯作者：
Dejana, E
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Breslin, Jerome W.;Yuan, Sarah Y.;Wu, Mack H.
通讯作者：
Wu, Mack H.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
DILLON, PF;AKSOY, MO;MURPHY, RA
通讯作者：
MURPHY, RA
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
CASLEYSMITH, JR
通讯作者：
CASLEYSMITH, JR
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Dixon, J. Brandon;Gashev, Anatoliy A.;Cote, Gerard L.
通讯作者：
Cote, Gerard L.