Japan’s Reliance on US Extended Nuclear Deterrence: Legality of Use Matters Today

Japan’s Reliance on US Extended Nuclear Deterrence: Legality of Use Matters Today
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日本对美国延伸核威慑的依赖:使用的合法性在今天很重要

DOI:
10.1080/25751654.2022.2071053
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
0.7
通讯作者:
Kawai Kimiaki
Kawai Kimiaki
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sugasawa Shonosuke;Noma Hisashi;中島賢太郎;西平等;Kawai Kimiaki

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日本在其安全政策中宣称,美国的延伸核威慑是“必不可少的”。然而,政策制定者似乎没有对使用核武器的合法性和影响作出充分解释,即使他们认为扩大核威慑政策至关重要。从国际法的角度来看,在考察日本对美国延伸核威慑的依赖时,可以发现三个问题。第一个问题是,在预期使用核武器的情况下,目标是什么,这一问题关系到决策者对核威慑的理解。第二个问题是,平民人口是否是交战报复的允许目标;这个问题涉及以敌方城市和平民为目标的反价值战略作为不可容忍的惩罚的合法性。第三个问题是,是否允许第三方代表受攻击国采取反措施,这个问题涉及日本依赖美国核能力的法律的基础。这些政治和法律的核心问题既没有在日本国会的审议中得到深入讨论,也没有在学术研究中得到充分研究。本文针对这些问题,并考虑法律的挑战和影响,今天是固有的日本的安全政策,这依赖于美国的延伸核威慑。
Japan declares in its security policy that US extended nuclear deterrence is “essential”. However, policymakers do not seem to have provided sufficient explanation of the legality and the implications of the use of nuclear weapons, even if they argue that the policy of extended nuclear deterrence is essential. From the perspective of international law, three questions can be identified in examining Japan’s reliance on the US extended nuclear deterrence. The first is what the target would be in an anticipated use of nuclear weapons, a question that relates to policymakers’ understanding of nuclear deterrence. The second is whether the civilian population is a permissible target for belligerent reprisals; this question relates to the legality of countervalue strategy targeting an adversary’s cities and civilians as intolerable punishment. The third is whether countermeasures by a third party on behalf of an attacked state are permissible, a question that relates to the legal basis of Japan’s reliance on the US nuclear capabilities. These questions at the nexus of politics and law have been neither addressed in depth in deliberations in the National Diet of Japan nor examined sufficiently in scholarly research. This article addresses these questions and considers the legal challenges and the implications today that are inherent in Japan’s security policy, which relies on US extended nuclear deterrence.
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