Neurovascular Coupling in Development and Disease: Focus on Astrocytes.
Neurovascular Coupling in Development and Disease: Focus on Astrocytes.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fcell.2021.702832
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Mishra A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stackhouse TL;Mishra A
神经血管耦合是一种重要的机制，它将大脑的高能量需求与来自血液的能量底物供应相匹配。神经血管单元内的信号传导负责脑血流的活动依赖性变化。神经血管耦合的强度和可靠性形成了非侵入性人类神经成像技术的基础，包括血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）功能磁共振成像。有趣的是，BOLD信号在婴儿中是阴性的，表明神经激活时代谢和血流之间的不匹配;这种反应与健康成人中观察到的相反，在健康成人中，活动引起大量的血流供过于求。在啮齿动物出生后早期阶段也观察到负神经血管耦合，进一步表明这是一个在发育过程中成熟的过程。这一基本原理与神经血管单位的形态成熟一致，其发生在类似的时间范围内。虽然神经元在出生前分化，但啮齿动物的星形胶质细胞在出生后分化，并且在生命的最初几周内其复杂形态的成熟将其与突触和血管系统联系起来。新生儿的血管网络也不完整，并与星形胶质细胞平行成熟。在这里，我们审查的时间轴的结构成熟的神经血管单位，特别强调星形胶质细胞和血管树，它意味着功能成熟的神经血管耦合。我们还讨论了发育过程中未成熟的星形胶质细胞和疾病中反应性星形胶质细胞之间的相似性，这与神经血管偶联有关。最后，我们指出目前的知识差距，必须解决充分阐明神经血管耦合成熟的机制，期望这也可以澄清星形胶质细胞依赖的机制，脑血管损伤的神经退行性疾病，其中减少或负的神经血管耦合，如中风和阿尔茨海默氏病。
Neurovascular coupling is a crucial mechanism that matches the high energy demand of the brain with a supply of energy substrates from the blood. Signaling within the neurovascular unit is responsible for activity-dependent changes in cerebral blood flow. The strength and reliability of neurovascular coupling form the basis of non-invasive human neuroimaging techniques, including blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. Interestingly, BOLD signals are negative in infants, indicating a mismatch between metabolism and blood flow upon neural activation; this response is the opposite of that observed in healthy adults where activity evokes a large oversupply of blood flow. Negative neurovascular coupling has also been observed in rodents at early postnatal stages, further implying that this is a process that matures during development. This rationale is consistent with the morphological maturation of the neurovascular unit, which occurs over a similar time frame. While neurons differentiate before birth, astrocytes differentiate postnatally in rodents and the maturation of their complex morphology during the first few weeks of life links them with synapses and the vasculature. The vascular network is also incomplete in neonates and matures in parallel with astrocytes. Here, we review the timeline of the structural maturation of the neurovascular unit with special emphasis on astrocytes and the vascular tree and what it implies for functional maturation of neurovascular coupling. We also discuss similarities between immature astrocytes during development and reactive astrocytes in disease, which are relevant to neurovascular coupling. Finally, we close by pointing out current gaps in knowledge that must be addressed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurovascular coupling maturation, with the expectation that this may also clarify astrocyte-dependent mechanisms of cerebrovascular impairment in neurodegenerative conditions in which reduced or negative neurovascular coupling is noted, such as stroke and Alzheimer’s disease.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
ALTMAN, J;BAYER, SA
通讯作者：
BAYER, SA
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Alkayed, NJ;Birks, EK;Harder, DR
通讯作者：
Harder, DR
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Basora, N;Boulay, G;Payet, MD
通讯作者：
Payet, MD
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Andersen, SL
通讯作者：
Andersen, SL
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.91.13.5903
发表时间：
1994-06-21
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
AKGOREN, N;FABRICIUS, M;LAURITZEN, M
通讯作者：
LAURITZEN, M