Striving for humane deaths for laboratory mice: hypobaric hypoxia provides a potential alternative to carbon dioxide exposure.
Striving for humane deaths for laboratory mice: hypobaric hypoxia provides a potential alternative to carbon dioxide exposure.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2022.2446
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发表时间：
2023-04-26
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
McKeegan, D. E. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarkson, J. M.;Martin, J. E.;Sparrey, J.;Leach, M. C.;McKeegan, D. E. F.
对于参与科学研究的实验室小鼠来说，杀死老鼠往往是一个不可避免和必要的程序，而提供人道的死亡对于公众的接受至关重要。暴露在二氧化碳(CO2)气体中是最广泛使用的方法，尽管福利问题得到了充分证明。因此，二氧化碳的持续使用及其在立法和指南中的全球允许地位给使用者带来了伦理困境。我们调查了通过逐步减压在低压低氧下杀死小鼠是否与杀死实验室小鼠的更好的福利结果相关。我们比较了暴露在二氧化碳、减压或假条件下的小鼠的自发行为，并使用止痛或缓解焦虑的干预措施来确定它们对福利的相对影响。逐渐减压会导致更长的昏迷和死亡时间，药物干预支持了最小限度的负面动物体验的概念，同时为暴露在二氧化碳中的疼痛和焦虑提供了进一步的证据。减压导致了中度的耳朵出血，但我们的福利评估表明，这可能发生在老鼠昏迷的时候。因此，逐步减压可能是杀死实验室小鼠的显著改进的基础。未来的工作应该用意识丧失的神经生物学标记物来证实行为，以验证对动物福利的关注的意识阶段。
Killing is often an unavoidable and necessary procedure for laboratory mice involved in scientific research, and providing a humane death is vital for public acceptance. Exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is the most widely used methodology despite well proven welfare concerns. Consequently, the continued use of CO2 and its globally permitted status in legislation and guidelines presents an ethical dilemma for users. We investigated whether killing with hypobaric hypoxia via gradual decompression was associated with better welfare outcomes for killing laboratory mice. We compared the spontaneous behaviour of mice exposed to CO2, decompression or sham conditions, and used analgesic or anxiolytic interventions to determine their relative welfare impact. Gradual decompression resulted in longer times to unconsciousness and death and the pharmacological interventions support the notion of a minimally negative animal experience, while providing further evidence for pain and anxiety associated with exposure to CO2. Decompression resulted in moderate ear haemorrhage, but our welfare assessment suggests this may happen when mice are unconscious. Hence, gradual decompression could be the basis of significant refinement for killing laboratory mice. Future work should corroborate behaviour with neurobiological markers of loss of consciousness to verify the conscious phase of concern for animal welfare.
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