Regulation of antiviral innate immunity by chemical modification of viral RNA.

Regulation of antiviral innate immunity by chemical modification of viral RNA.
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DOI:
10.1002/wrna.1720
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发表时间:
2022-11
期刊:
Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA
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其他
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已经描述了超过100种被称为表转录组的RNA的化学修饰,其中大多数发生在原核和真核核糖体、转移和非编码RNA以及真核信使RNA中。DNA和RNA病毒可以直接通过基因组编码的酶或通过劫持宿主酶机制来修饰它们的RNA。在迄今为止描述的许多RNA修饰中,有四种通过促进病毒基因表达和复制以及通过使其能够逃避宿主先天免疫应答而在促进病毒感染中发挥特别重要的作用。在这里,我们讨论了我们目前对RNA修饰如N6-甲基腺苷(m6 A),N6,2′-O-二甲基腺苷(m6 Am),5-甲基胞苷(m5 C),N4-乙酰胞苷(ac 4C)和2′-O-甲基化(Nm)促进病毒复制和/或抑制先天传感器识别和下游宿主抗病毒反应激活的机制的理解。RNA在疾病和发展> RNA在疾病RNA结构和动力学> RNA结构在生物系统中的影响RNA进化和基因组学> RNA和核糖核蛋白进化本文分类下:病毒RNA修饰和先天免疫感应的调节。
More than 100 chemical modifications of RNA, termed the epitranscriptome, have been described, most of which occur in prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomal, transfer, and noncoding RNA and eukaryotic messenger RNA. DNA and RNA viruses can modify their RNA either directly via genome‐encoded enzymes or by hijacking the host enzymatic machinery. Among the many RNA modifications described to date, four play particularly important roles in promoting viral infection by facilitating viral gene expression and replication and by enabling escape from the host innate immune response. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms by which the RNA modifications such as N6‐methyladenosine (m6A), N6,2′‐O‐dimethyladenosine (m6Am), 5‐methylcytidine (m5C), N4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C), and 2′‐O‐methylation (Nm) promote viral replication and/or suppress recognition by innate sensors and downstream activation of the host antiviral response. RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution This article is categorized under: Viral RNA modifications and regulation of innate immune sensing.
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