Testing the defence trade-off hypothesis: how contents of nutrients and secondary compounds affect fruit removal
Testing the defence trade-off hypothesis: how contents of nutrients and secondary compounds affect fruit removal
复制标题
测试防御权衡假设：营养物质和次级化合物的含量如何影响果实去除
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Winkler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Schaefer;V. Schmidt;H. Winkler
谢弗，H.M.，施密特，V.和温克勒，H.2003。检验防御性权衡假说：营养物质和次生化合物的含量如何影响水果的去除。-Oikos 102：318-328。水果的去除归因于营养物质和次生化合物的含量。我们测试了两种不同的水果化学防腐模型，分别检测了营养物质、酚和缩合单宁的含量以及营养成分的假说，结果表明，营养丰富的水果最好是去掉。防御权衡假说认为，在成熟果实中保留具有威慑性的次生代谢物，反映了对害虫的防御和对分散剂的吸引之间的权衡。这一假说的去除速率模型预测，营养物质与次生化合物水平呈负相关，这是因为水果的持久性较短，因此感染风险较低。营养毒素滴定模型假定，由于高营养水平对消费者的补偿作用，有利可图的水果能够提供高水平的保护，这是一种正相关关系。在脂肪、碳水化合物和氮含量的刺激作用下，整个食果植物群落对33种植物果实的去除可以用剂量-反应曲线来描述，而酚和水的含量抑制了果实的去除。此外，除氮素外，刺激去除的性状在成熟果实中占优势，未成熟果实中酚类物质和氮素含量较高。利润丰厚的果实去除速度快，酚类含量低。因此，水果的去除符合养分含量假说，果肉含量的去除符合去除速率模型。84种食果性树种的选择压力整合成了营养丰富的水果的单向优先移除。消费者偏好的一致性意味着栖息地塑造过程的潜力，这是因为根据分散者的选择对植物物种进行了不同的招募。
Schaefer, H. M., Schmidt, V. and Winkler, H. 2003. Testing the defence trade-off hypothesis: how contents of nutrients and secondary compounds affect fruit removal. – Oikos 102: 318–328. Fruit removal has been attributed to the contents of nutrients and secondary compounds. We tested two alternative models of the chemical defence of fruits for the contents of nutrients, phenols, and condensed tannins and the nutrient content pypothesis stating that nutrient rich fruits are preferably removed. The defence trade-off hypothesis assumes that the retention of deterrent secondary metabolites in ripe fruits reflects a trade-off between defence against pests and attraction of dispersers. The removal-rate model of this hypothesis predicts a negative relationship of nutrients and levels of secondary compounds due to short persistence and thus low infection risk of fruits. The nutrient-toxin titration model postulates a positive relationship assuming that profitable fruits are able to afford high levels of protection due to a compensatory effect of high nutrient levels for consumers. Fruit removal by the entire frugivorous community for 33 plant species was best described by a dose–response curve, mediated by the stimulating effects of lipid, carbohydrate, and nitrogen contents, while the contents of phenols and water deterred removal. Moreover, traits that stimulated removal prevailed in ripe fruits except for nitrogen, unripe fruits had higher contents of phenols and nitrogen. Profitable fruits were quickly removed and had low phenolic contents. Thus, fruit removal was characterised by the nutrient content hypothesis and pulp contents by the removal-rate model. The selective pressure of 84 frugivorous species integrated into an unidirectional preferential removal of nutrient rich fruits. The consistency of consumers’ preferences implies the potential for habitat shaping processes due to differential recruitment of plant species based on dispersers’ choices.
鸟类的化学排斥性：化学结构与回避反应之间的关系。
DOI：
10.1002/jez.1402600306
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
The Journal of experimental zoology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Clark,L;Shah,PS;Mason,JR
通讯作者：
Mason,JR