Shifting the paradigm on cultural property and heritage in international law and armed conflict: time to talk about reparations?

Shifting the paradigm on cultural property and heritage in international law and armed conflict: time to talk about reparations?
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改变国际法和武装冲突中文化财产和遗产的范式:是时候谈论赔偿了吗?

DOI:
10.1080/13527258.2019.1666295
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Moffett L
Moffett L
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Moffett L

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在叙利亚,从古代到现代冲突,武装冲突历来都是以文化财产和遗产为目标并加以破坏。尽管这些物品和传统与人之间存在文化联系,但国际法的重点是保护、起诉和惩罚,而不是赔偿损失或损害。本文着重指出,越来越多的判例和国家实践表明,有必要重新思考这一传统做法,并制定一个框架,确保对文化财产和遗产造成的损害和破坏进行赔偿。这不仅是为了尽可能消除伤害,而且是为了确保这种文化的遗产留给后代。我们从我们在过渡时期司法、考古学和法律方面的背景出发,对这些问题采取社会法律办法,提出一种更厚的、与背景相关的赔偿办法,认识到文化的复制或恢复有其自身的意义,冲突后社会往往将过去的暴力转化为现在法律和政治中的元冲突。尽管如此,我们认为,根据人权法和遗产研究,赔偿可以发挥重要作用,以弥补文化遗产的损失,使这些受害者更有效地受益。
Armed conflict has traditionally seen the targeting and destruction of cultural property and heritage from antiquity to modern conflicts in Syria. Despite the cultural connection between such objects and traditions with people, international law has concentrated on its preservation, prosecution and punishment, rather than reparations for the loss or damage. This article highlights the growing jurisprudence and state practice which suggests a need to rethink this traditional approach and develop a framework for ensuring reparations for damage and destruction caused to cultural property and heritage. This is not only to undo the harm as far as possible, but to ensure the legacy of such culture for future generations. We take a socio-legal approach to these issues drawing from our backgrounds in transitional justice, archaeology and law, to suggest a thicker and contextually relevant approach to reparations, appreciating the reproduction or rehabilitation of culture carries its own meaning and post-conflict societies often convey the violence of the past into the meta-conflict in law and politics of the present. That said, we argue that reparations can play an important role, drawing from human rights law and heritage studies, to remedy the loss to cultural heritage that can more effectively benefit such victims.
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