Impact of altitude on COVID-19 infection and death in the United States: A modeling and observational study.
Impact of altitude on COVID-19 infection and death in the United States: A modeling and observational study.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0245055
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bruns DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stephens KE;Chernyavskiy P;Bruns DR
由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 疾病已引发大流行，几乎没有地区幸免。然而，有限的报告表明，不同地理区域（包括居住在高海拔地区 (HE) 的人群）的感染率和死亡率存在差异。我们的目的是确定美国高海拔 (LE) 县与低海拔 (LE) 县的 COVID-19 感染率、死亡人数和病例死亡率是否存在差异。使用公开的地理和 COVID-19 数据，我们计算了人口密度与美国 HE 县和 LE 县相匹配的人均感染率和死亡率以及病例死亡率。我们还进行了人口规模回归分析，以调查县海拔与 COVID-19 感染率之间的关联。 LA（< 914m，n = 58）和 HE（>2133m，n = 58）县的人口密度匹配显示，HE 县的 COVID-19 病例数显着低于 LE 县（615 例与 905 例，p = 0.034）。 HE 的人均死亡人数显着低于 LE（9.4 比 19.5，p = 0.017）。然而，HE 和 LE 之间的病例死亡率没有差异（1.78% 与 1.46%，p = 0.27）。针对相关协变量进行调整的回归分析表明，对于过去 30 天、90 天和 120 天记录的病例，县质心每升高 495 m，COVID-19 感染率分别下降 12.82%、12.01% 和 11.72%。这种经过人口调整的对照分析表明，较高的海拔可以减轻感染和死亡。我们小组正在进行的工作旨在确定影响 COVID-19 感染、传播和发病机制的 HE 居住环境、生物和社会因素，以便利用这些机制进行未来的公共卫生和/或治疗干预。
COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic, sparing few regions. However, limited reports suggest differing infection and death rates across geographic areas including populations that reside at higher elevations (HE). We aimed to determine if COVID-19 infection, death, and case mortality rates differed in higher versus low elevation (LE) U.S. counties. Using publicly available geographic and COVID-19 data, we calculated per capita infection and death rates and case mortality in population density matched HE and LE U.S. counties. We also performed population-scale regression analysis to investigate the association between county elevation and COVID-19 infection rates. Population density matching of LA (< 914m, n = 58) and HE (>2133m, n = 58) counties yielded significantly lower COVID-19 cases at HE versus LE (615 versus 905, p = 0.034). HE per capita deaths were significantly lower than LE (9.4 versus 19.5, p = 0.017). However, case mortality did not differ between HE and LE (1.78% versus 1.46%, p = 0.27). Regression analysis, adjusted for relevant covariates, demonstrated decreased COVID-19 infection rates by 12.82%, 12.01%, and 11.72% per 495m of county centroid elevation, for cases recorded over the previous 30, 90, and 120 days, respectively. This population-adjusted, controlled analysis suggests that higher elevation attenuates infection and death. Ongoing work from our group aims to identify the environmental, biological, and social factors of residence at HE that impact infection, transmission, and pathogenesis of COVID-19 in an effort to harness these mechanisms for future public health and/or treatment interventions.
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