A novel dense granule protein, GRA41, regulates timing of egress and calcium sensitivity in Toxoplasma gondii.

A novel dense granule protein, GRA41, regulates timing of egress and calcium sensitivity in Toxoplasma gondii.
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一种新型的致密颗粒蛋白GRA41,调节弓形虫弓形虫中出口的时间和钙敏感性。

DOI:
10.1111/cmi.12749
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发表时间:
2017-09
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Arrizabalaga G
Arrizabalaga G
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
LaFavers KA;Márquez-Nogueras KM;Coppens I;Moreno SNJ;Arrizabalaga G

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刚地弓形虫是一种专性细胞内顶复体寄生虫,在人体内具有高血清阳性率。入侵、复制和外出的反复裂解循环驱动该寄生虫的繁殖和毒力。在这个周期中的关键步骤,包括入侵和出口,依赖于严格调节的钙流量,虽然许多钙依赖性效应已被确定,检测和调节钙流量的因素大多是未知的。为了解决这一知识缺口,我们使用了正向遗传方法来分离抗细胞外暴露于钙离子载体A23187的突变体。通过全基因组测序和互补,我们已经确定了一个以前未知的蛋白质的无义突变是负责的突变体之一的离子载体电阻。这种蛋白质的完全丧失再现了抗性表型,并且重要地显示了钙调节和排出时间的缺陷。受影响的蛋白质,GRA41,定位于致密颗粒,并分泌到寄生虫的液泡,在那里它与tubulovesicular网络(TVN)。我们的研究结果支持TVN和离子内稳态寄生虫之间的连接,从而为这个重要的病原体的空泡的一个新的作用。
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite with high seroprevalence in humans. Repeated lytic cycles of invasion, replication and egress drive both the propagation and the virulence of this parasite. Key steps in this cycle, including invasion and egress, depend on tightly regulated calcium fluxes and, while many of the calcium-dependent effectors have been identified, the factors that detect and regulate the calcium fluxes are mostly unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we used a forward genetic approach to isolate mutants resistant to extracellular exposure to the calcium ionophore A23187. Through whole genome sequencing and complementation we have determined that a nonsense mutation in a previously uncharacterized protein is responsible for the ionophore resistance of one of the mutants. The complete loss of this protein recapitulates the resistance phenotype and importantly shows defects in calcium regulation and in the timing of egress. The affected protein, GRA41, localizes to the dense granules and is secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole where it associates with the tubulovesicular network (TVN). Our findings support a connection between the TVN and ion homeostasis within the parasite, and thus a novel role for the vacuole of this important pathogen.
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