Genomic erosion in a demographically recovered bird species during conservation rescue.
Genomic erosion in a demographically recovered bird species during conservation rescue.
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DOI：
10.1111/cobi.13918
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发表时间：
2022-08
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粉红鸽 (Nesoenas mayeri) 是毛里求斯的特有物种，在 20 世纪 70 年代至 90 年代初出现严重的种群瓶颈后，现已显着恢复。在出现这一瓶颈之前，建立了一个异地种群，将圈养繁殖的个体释放到自由生活的亚种群中，以增加种群规模和遗传变异。这次保护救援使种群数量迅速恢复到 400-480 只，并且该物种两次被列入国际自然保护联盟 (IUCN) 红色名录。我们通过限制性位点相关测序、微卫星分析和对来自欧洲和美国动物园的 1112 只鸟类的谱系数据进行定量遗传分析，分析了种群恢复期间和之后（1993-2008 年）瓶颈和遗传拯救对中性遗传变异的影响。我们使用计算机模拟来研究从过去到未来遗传变异和种群生存力的预测变化。尽管人口反弹，但遗传变异迅速下降，有效人口规模大约比人口普查规模小一个数量级。该物种携带的基因负荷很高，大约相当于长寿的 15 个致死当量。我们的计算机模拟预测，持续的近交可能会导致有害突变表达增加（即高实现负荷）和严重的近交抑制。如果不采取持续的保护行动，粉鸽很可能会在 100 年内在野外灭绝。对粉红鸽的保护救援对于自由生活种群的恢复发挥了重要作用。然而，需要对动物园圈养的鸟类进行进一步的基因拯救，以恢复丢失的变异，减少有害变异的表达，并防止灭绝。基因组学和建模数据的使用可以为 IUCN 评估物种的生存能力和灭绝风险提供信息，并有助于评估种群的保护依赖性。
The pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri) is an endemic species of Mauritius that has made a remarkable recovery after a severe population bottleneck in the 1970s to early 1990s. Prior to this bottleneck, an ex situ population was established from which captive‐bred individuals were released into free‐living subpopulations to increase population size and genetic variation. This conservation rescue led to rapid population recovery to 400–480 individuals, and the species was twice downlisted on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. We analyzed the impacts of the bottleneck and genetic rescue on neutral genetic variation during and after population recovery (1993–2008) with restriction site‐associated sequencing, microsatellite analyses, and quantitative genetic analysis of studbook data of 1112 birds from zoos in Europe and the United States. We used computer simulations to study the predicted changes in genetic variation and population viability from the past into the future. Genetic variation declined rapidly, despite the population rebound, and the effective population size was approximately an order of magnitude smaller than census size. The species carried a high genetic load of circa 15 lethal equivalents for longevity. Our computer simulations predicted continued inbreeding will likely result in increased expression of deleterious mutations (i.e., a high realized load) and severe inbreeding depression. Without continued conservation actions, it is likely that the pink pigeon will go extinct in the wild within 100 years. Conservation rescue of the pink pigeon has been instrumental in the recovery of the free‐living population. However, further genetic rescue with captive‐bred birds from zoos is required to recover lost variation, reduce expression of harmful deleterious variation, and prevent extinction. The use of genomics and modeling data can inform IUCN assessments of the viability and extinction risk of species, and it helps in assessments of the conservation dependency of populations.
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