Ape duos and trios: spontaneous cooperation with free partner choice in chimpanzees.
Ape duos and trios: spontaneous cooperation with free partner choice in chimpanzees.
复制标题
猿人二人组和三人：与黑猩猩的自由合作选择。
作者：
Suchak M;Eppley TM;Campbell MW;de Waal FB
本研究的目的是推动圈养黑猩猩之间的合作界限。人们一直怀疑黑猩猩能够自发实现或理解的合作水平。他们是否能够在没有任何预先培训或伙伴选择限制的情况下，制定成功的联合行动？他们是否能够像自然界中那样，将合作扩展到两个以上的合作伙伴？黑猩猩被给予了与自己选择的多个伴侣合作的机会。该组的所有成员(N=11)都同时接触到需要两个人(二元条件)或三个人(三人条件)才能拉入装满食物的托盘的装置。在没有任何训练的情况下，黑猩猩自发地在二元和三元组合中总共解决了3565次任务。他们的成功率和效率随着时间的推移而增加，而在没有伴侣的情况下，拉力量减少，这表明他们已经学会了任务的偶然性。当有相似等级的亲属或非亲属在场时，他们优先接近机器，表现出对社交宽容的伴侣的偏好。合作实验中典型的强迫伴侣组合不能揭示这些能力，这表明在复杂的社会环境中，黑猩猩自发地发起并保持高水平的合作行为。
The purpose of the present study was to push the boundaries of cooperation among captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). There has been doubt about the level of cooperation that chimpanzees are able to spontaneously achieve or understand. Would they, without any pre-training or restrictions in partner choice, be able to develop successful joint action? And would they be able to extend cooperation to more than two partners, as they do in nature? Chimpanzees were given a chance to cooperate with multiple partners of their own choosing. All members of the group (N = 11) had simultaneous access to an apparatus that required two (dyadic condition) or three (triadic condition) individuals to pull in a tray baited with food. Without any training, the chimpanzees spontaneously solved the task a total of 3,565 times in both dyadic and triadic combinations. Their success rate and efficiency increased over time, whereas the amount of pulling in the absence of a partner decreased, demonstrating that they had learned the task contingencies. They preferentially approached the apparatus when kin or nonkin of similar rank were present, showing a preference for socially tolerant partners. The forced partner combinations typical of cooperation experiments cannot reveal these abilities, which demonstrate that in the midst of a complex social environment, chimpanzees spontaneously initiate and maintain a high level of cooperative behavior.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Cronin, KA;Kurian, AV;Snowdon, CT
通讯作者：
Snowdon, CT
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
DEWAAL, FBM
通讯作者：
DEWAAL, FBM
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Drea, Christine M.;Carter, Allisa N.
通讯作者：
Carter, Allisa N.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Melis, AP;Hare, B;Tomasello, M
通讯作者：
Tomasello, M
DOI：
10.1007/3-540-28277-7_6
发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
COOPERATION IN PRIMATES AND HUMANS: MECHANISMS AND EVOLUTIONS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mitani, John C.
通讯作者：
Mitani, John C.