Deep mtDNA divergences indicate cryptic species in a fig-pollinating wasp.
Deep mtDNA divergences indicate cryptic species in a fig-pollinating wasp.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2148-6-83
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发表时间：
2006-10-13
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Cook, James M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haine, Eleanor R.;Martin, Joanne;Cook, James M.
无花果和无花果授粉黄蜂是专性互利共生者，已经共同进化了大约9000万年。它们一起辐射，但没有表现出严格的共同物种形成。特别是，现在很清楚，许多无花果物种宿主两种黄蜂物种，所以有更多的黄蜂物种比无花果物种。然而，很少有人知道无花果黄蜂如何形成。我们研究了71无花果授粉蜂在整个大的地理范围内的Ficus rubiginosa在澳大利亚的变化。所有的黄蜂样品属于一个形态学种（Pleistodontes imperialis），但我们发现了四个深mtDNA分支，彼此之间的差异为9-17%的核苷酸。由于这些遗传距离超过了通常在物种内发现的遗传距离，并且与形态上不同的单齿象物种之间发现的遗传距离重叠（10-26%），因此它们强烈建议隐藏的榕小蜂物种。mtDNA进化枝多样性从北方昆士兰州的四个进化枝下降到悉尼的一个进化枝，接近南部的分布范围。然而，在大多数网站的多个分支共存，可以在同一棵树，甚至同一个无花果果实中找到，并没有证据的主机无花果物种的平行细分。线粒体DNA数据和两个核基因的序列支持相对于其他Pleistodontes物种的“P. imperialis复合体”的单系性，这表明榕小蜂的分歧发生在没有任何寄主植物转移的情况下。在进化枝3中的黄蜂被Wolbachia细菌的单一菌株（W1）感染，而在其他进化枝中的黄蜂携带另外两种菌株的双重感染（W2+W3）。我们的研究表明，隐榕传粉小蜂物种已经发展到一个单一的寄主植物物种，没有参与寄主植物的变化，或平行的寄主植物分歧。尽管有大量的证据表明无花果和榕小蜂之间的共同进化，但榕小蜂的物种形成并不总是与无花果的物种形成密切相关。
Figs and fig-pollinating wasps are obligate mutualists that have coevolved for ca 90 million years. They have radiated together, but do not show strict cospeciation. In particular, it is now clear that many fig species host two wasp species, so there is more wasp speciation than fig speciation. However, little is known about how fig wasps speciate. We studied variation in 71 fig-pollinating wasps from across the large geographic range of Ficus rubiginosa in Australia. All wasps sampled belong to one morphological species (Pleistodontes imperialis), but we found four deep mtDNA clades that differed from each other by 9–17% nucleotides. As these genetic distances exceed those normally found within species and overlap those (10–26%) found between morphologically distinct Pleistodontes species, they strongly suggest cryptic fig wasp species. mtDNA clade diversity declines from all four present in Northern Queensland to just one in Sydney, near the southern range limit. However, at most sites multiple clades coexist and can be found in the same tree or even the same fig fruit and there is no evidence for parallel sub-division of the host fig species. Both mtDNA data and sequences from two nuclear genes support the monophyly of the "P. imperialis complex" relative to other Pleistodontes species, suggesting that fig wasp divergence has occurred without any host plant shift. Wasps in clade 3 were infected by a single strain (W1) of Wolbachia bacteria, while those in other clades carried a double infection (W2+W3) of two other strains. Our study indicates that cryptic fig-pollinating wasp species have developed on a single host plant species, without the involvement of host plant shifts, or parallel host plant divergence. Despite extensive evidence for coevolution between figs and fig wasps, wasp speciation may not always be linked strongly with fig speciation.
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影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Haine, Eleanor R.;Martin, Joanne;Cook, James M.
通讯作者：
Cook, James M.
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Dixon, DJ;Jackes, BR;Bielig, LM
通讯作者：
Bielig, LM
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
HOFFMANN, AA
通讯作者：
HOFFMANN, AA
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Bordenstein, SR;O'Hara, FP;Werren, JH
通讯作者：
Werren, JH
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Kerdelhue, C;Le Clainche, I;Rasplus, JY
通讯作者：
Rasplus, JY